Endler's guppy

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Endler's guppy
Endler's Guppy (two males).

Endler's Guppy (two males).

Systematics
Subordination : Cyprinodontoidei
Family : Viviparous toothcarps (Poeciliidae)
Subfamily : Live-bearing toothcarps (Poeciliinae)
Genre : Poecilia
Subgenus : Guppies ( Acanthophacelus )
Type : Endler's guppy
Scientific name
Poecilia wingei
Poeser , Kempkes & Isbrücker , 2005

Endler's Guppy ( Poecilia wingei ) is a livebearer tooth carp that is endemic to northern Venezuela .

Discovery story

Endler's guppy was verifiably first caught in 1937 by Franklyn F. Bond on the Paria Peninsula and sent to the USA. Nobody paid any attention to the preserved specimens, however, as they were thought to be common guppies. In 1975 the evolutionary biologist John A. Endler caught some extraordinary guppies in the sweetened Laguna de los Patos near the city of Cumaná and passed them on to the ichthyologist and taxonomist Donn Rosen of the American Museum of Natural History . He died before he could describe the fish, but had previously passed some living specimens on to the geneticist Klaus Kallmann, who worked at the New York Aquarium . Fish came to fish farmers via Kallmann, who sold their offspring as Endler's guppies. In 2004, two ichthyologists examined guppies from the Cumaná area and came to the conclusion that although they were not yet an independent species, they showed clear differences to the common guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ). A new species of guppy from the Campoma lagoon near Cariaco was first described in 2005 by Poeser , Kempkes and Isbrücker as Poecilia wingei ; In 2009, a comparison of molecular data showed that the Cumaná and Campoma guppies are identical and that the Cumaná guppies can therefore also be assigned to Poecilia wingei .

distribution and habitat

Endler's guppy lives in northern Venezuela and occurs there exclusively in two geographically separated areas in the state of Sucre , in the Campoma lagoon, near Cariaco and in the watercourses of the surrounding swampy terrain, a total of about 100 × 50 km, and in the Laguna de Patos and two other bodies of water near the city of Cumaná , heavily polluted by garbage and leaking oil . The region is isolated from the rest of Venezuela by the foothills of the Andes. Beyond the mountains only common guppies can be found. The Cumana population also has contact with brackish water .

Since Endler's guppy only has a small range, it is much less adaptable compared to the common guppy. In its habitat, it occurs mainly in areas near the shore. More watching fish there are piranha-like tetras , cichlasomatine cichlids and the predatory pike cichlids ( Crenicichla sp.), Which are among the predators of Endler's Guppy.

features

female

Endler's guppy differs from the common guppy in the color of the males, the structure of the gonopodium and a slight metallic sheen in the females of Endler's guppy. Like the common guppy, Endler's guppy has a distinct gender dimorphism . The females are larger than male guppies and reach a standard length of about 2 to 2.9 cm. They are simply grayish-beige in color and strongly built. Sexually mature females have a clearly recognizable gestation mark. The fins are not taken off.

Poecilia wingei , Campoma guppy, males (front, aquarium offspring) from the genetically investigated population of the type locality with the characteristic vertical black band in the middle of the body and typical double-sword-like coloration of the tail fin, which is only slightly extended at the top of the sword

Male Endler's guppies do not grow to be more than 1.5 to 1.96 cm long. As with the common guppy, some of the dorsal and caudal fin rays may be elongated. They are also colorfully patterned with all kinds of spots and ribbons. A vertical black band in the middle of the body is characteristic of male Poecilia wingei from the Campoma region, especially from the type locality .

In Endler's Guppy, the dorsal fin is supported by 6 to 7 fin rays, the anal fin by 9 and the caudal fin by 12 to 14 rays. In males, the anal fin is transformed into a mating organ, the gonopodium . The first two anal fin rays are short, the third, fourth and fifth are elongated and form a channel for sperm transfer, the fin rays 6, 7, 8 and 9 are shortened. The number of spines arranged like a comb on the third fin ray of the gonopodium is 14 to 18.

Reproduction

Endler's guppy is viviparous . The females throw a maximum of 40 fry at intervals of 28 to 43 days.

literature

  • Fred N. Poeser, Michael Kempkes, Isaäc JH Isbrücker: Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei n. Sp. from the Paría Peninsula, Venezuela, including notes on Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907 and other subgenera of Poecilia Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae). In: Contributions to Zoology. 74 (1/2) (2005). (on-line)
  • Fred N. Poeser, Michael Kempkes: Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei a true Caribbean acc. Published on viviparos.com (July 2006). (online) Dr. FN Poeser & M. Kempkes report on their voyage of discovery in 2005 and show pictures of male Poecilia wingei from the Campoma and the Carúpano region of Venezuela as well as from localities.
  • Michael Kempkes: The guppies. Westarp Sciences, Hohenwarsleben 2010, ISBN 978-3-89432-875-7 . (New Brehm Library, Vol. 662)
  • Susanne Schories, Manfred K. Meyer & Manfred Schartl, Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. Sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. wingei and the status of the “Endler's guppy ” online (PDF; 783 kB)
  • Alexander, HJ and Breden, F. (2004), Sexual isolation and extreme morphological divergence in the Cumaná guppy: a possible case of incipient speciation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 17: 1238-1254. doi : 10.1111 / j.1420-9101.2004.00788.x
  • Robert W. Meredith, Marcelo N. Pires, David N. Reznick, Mark S. Springer, Molecular phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of the placenta in Poecilia (Micropoecilia) (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 631– 639. The authors see their results as confirmation of the hypothesis by Poeser et al. That Poecilia wingei is a taxon besides Poecilia reticulata (see page 638 in section 4.3: "In addition, our results confirm Poeser et al.'s (2005) hypothesis that Poecilia wingei , which was described after Rosen and Bailey's (1963) publication, is the sister taxon to Poecilia reticulata . "). online (PDF; 361 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. This population was also genetically examined under the name P. wingei Ca ("molecular phylogenetic analysis") and compared with P. obscura and P. reticulata by Susanne Schories, Manfred K. Meyer & Manfred Schartl, Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus ) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. wingei and the status of the “Endler's guppy”, Zootaxa 2266, pp. 35–50 (see in particular p. 37, 40 and 44ff.) (2009) online (PDF; 783 kB)
  2. Fred N. Poeser, Michael Kempkes, Isaäc JH Isbrücker: Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei n. Sp. from the Paría Peninsula, Venezuela, including notes on Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907 and other subgenera of Poecilia Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae). In: Contributions to Zoology. 74 (1/2) (see section "Systematic section", subsection " Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei n. Sp.", 2nd paragraph, and subsection "Spatial distribution of the phenotypes of the freshly collected guppies", last paragraph) ( 2005). (online) ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dpc.uba.uva.nl
  3. cf. also Susanne Schories, Manfred K. Meyer & Manfred Schartl, Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. wingei and the status of the " Endler's guppy ”, Zootaxa 2266, pp. 35–50 (p. 47) (2009) online (PDF; 783 kB)

Web links

Commons : Poecilia wingei  - collection of images, videos and audio files