Ennedi massif

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Ennedi massif
Camels move to the waterhole in the Ennedi Mountains

Camels move to the waterhole in the Ennedi Mountains

Highest peak Basso ( 1450  m )
location Africa :; Chad
Ennedi massif (Chad)
Ennedi massif
Coordinates 17 ° 0 ′  N , 23 ° 15 ′  E Coordinates: 17 ° 0 ′  N , 23 ° 15 ′  E
rock Sandstone
surface 40,000 km²

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Camels in Guelta d'Archei , Ennedi

The Ennedi Plateau is located in the northeast of Chad in the Ennedi-Est and Ennedi-Ouest regions and forms one of the borders of the Chad basin . Its highest mountain is the Basso, 1450 meters. It is bounded in the north by the Depression du Mourdi, in the west by the dune area of ​​Erg du Djourab, in the south by the highlands of Wadai and in the east by the deserts of North Sudan.

description

The Ennedi is an approx. 40,000 km² sandstone complex in the middle of the Sahara , which is exposed from all sides to the erosive attack of the wind , which also finds its way into the deep valleys of the Ennedi. This region received special attention within geoscientific research because the Ennedi is a massif made up of sediments from the primeval ocean, which was formed from the different hardness of sedimentary rocks. Karst phenomena , such as tower structures, pillars, bridges and arches, have developed and thus radiate a special scenic charm.

Various petroglyphs (also rock carvings ) have been found in various Enneris ( wadi ). They allow conclusions to be drawn about the flora and fauna in the humid age of Nigèro-Chadia and testify to the long history of human settlement on the Ennedi. In that era of the Holocene , the Goz-Kerki rivers rose from the Ennedi and reached the prehistoric lake known as Mega Chad .

fauna

The plateau has a rich fauna to offer, the crocodiles in the six lakes of the approx. 1.5 km long Guelta d'Archei deserve special mention . Due to the long isolation of their population, they have become dwarfed and are now threatened with extinction . The Guelta d'Archei is located in the 2110 km² wildlife reserve Fada Archei . The last lions of the Sahara also lived here until they became extinct around 1940.

UNESCO world heritage

In 2016 the Ennedi massif was added to the world heritage list.

The Ennedi massif meets three of the criteria for recognition as a UNESCO cultural and natural heritage site:

  • (iii): Thousands of rock paintings scattered over the Ennedi massif attest to the presence of people in the past. [...]
  • (vii): From a distance, the impressive shadow of the Ennedi massif appears quite unexpectedly over the vast desert plain. Its pristine condition gives the impression that it is immersing itself in a country where time seems to have stood still. The sandstone comes in so many different shapes and colors that it creates an unprecedented spectacle for the observer. [...]
  • (ix): The plateau is cut by deep valleys and canyons in which water collects and vegetation thrives. The canyons play an important role in the ecosystem. Gueltas are formed in the largest, some of which are filled with water all year round. This permanent water supply is crucial for the survival of fauna, flora and people. [...]

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tschad MUZ-Online.de ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muz-online.de
  2. ↑ UNESCO: World Heritage Scanned Nomination: Purnululu National Park , p. 11 (file on page 84) (English; PDF; 4.6 MB)
  3. ^ Tilman Lenssen-Erz: Rock art in African Highlands, Ennedi Highlands, Chad - Artists and Herders in a Lifeworld on the Margins (English)
  4. ↑ Frédéric Bouchette, Mathieu Schuster, Jean-François Ghienne, Cléa Denamiel, Claude Roquin, Abderamane Moussa, Patrick Marsaleix, Philippe Duringer: Hydrodynamics in Holocene Lake Mega-Chad (PDF document) (English)
  5. ↑ TD002 Fada Archei on BirdLife International (English)
  6. ↑ Décision: 40 COM 8B.15. Examination of the propositions d'inscription de biens mixtes sur la list du patrimoine mondial .