Wallensteingraben
| Wallensteingraben | ||
 Wallensteingraben in Hohen Viecheln |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 9634 | |
| location | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Northwest Mecklenburg District , Wismar | |
| River system | Wallensteingraben | |
| origin | North shore of Schweriner See 53 ° 46 ′ 36 ″ N , 11 ° 29 ′ 44 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 37.8 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | in the port of Wismar in the Baltic Sea coordinates: 53 ° 54 ′ 7 ″ N , 11 ° 27 ′ 48 ″ E 53 ° 54 ′ 7 ″ N , 11 ° 27 ′ 48 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 0 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | 37.8 m | |
| Bottom slope | 1.9 ‰ | |
| length | 20 km | |
| Catchment area | 156 km² without Lake Schwerin |
|
| Discharge at the Hohen Viecheln A Eo gauge : na Location: 19 km above the mouth |
NNQ (often) MNQ 1954–2005 MQ 1954–2005 MHQ 1954–2005 HHQ (often 01.1966) |
10 l / s 134 l / s 749 l / s 2.06 m³ / s 4.76 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Rummelbeck | |
| Flowing lakes | Lostener See | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Mill pond | |
| Medium-sized cities | Wismar | |
The Wallensteingraben is a connecting ditch between the Schweriner See and the Baltic Sea in Wismar . In its 20-kilometer run, it overcomes 37.8 meters in altitude. Today's so-called flowing water is made up of the artificially created runoff of the Schwerin Lake and the largely original course of the once Stivine (depending on the source also: Steffine or Stevina ) named creek. A canal built in the 16th century, which shortened the course of the stream over large parts, fell into disrepair just a few years after its construction.
course
The Wallensteingraben begins on the north bank of Lake Schwerin . The 1.5 kilometer long connection to the Lostener See lake in the north was created artificially by puncturing a terminal moraine ridge that marks the North Sea-Baltic watershed there. On the way to Lostener See, the Bad Kleinen – Rostock railway line and Landesstrasse 31 are crossed.
Further north, the ditch runs alternately along the Bad Kleinen – Wismar railway line . The course above Moidentin, a district of Dorf Mecklenburg , is very winding. There the Rummelbeck joins on the left. South of the village of Mecklenburg, the course of the river turns away from the railway line in a north-westerly direction. In the village of Mecklenburg the federal highway 106 crosses the Wallensteingraben. Further north, the body of water runs past Karow, crosses under the federal autobahn 20 and shortly before Wismar again the B 106. The ditch in the Wismar-Kluß nature reserve pond area runs along several ponds, including the Viereggenhöfer pond and the fish pond near Kluss . Here the railway line between Bad Kleinen and Wismar is crossed again. After a change of direction to the north, the Wallensteingraben in the mill pond is dammed; he leaves it on its north bank. A short distance away, the mouth is reached in a Wismar harbor basin.
The Wallensteingraben with its shallow depth (sometimes significantly less than 50 centimeters) and its natural bed is only accessible for experienced water hikers when the water levels are favorable. The map materials currently in circulation show the existing obstacles only imprecisely. In addition to the well-known weirs and rapids , numerous fallen trees, especially in the forest around Moidentin, hinder the journey. Due to the inaccessible bank, it is sometimes impossible to move around the obstacles.
Surname
The name of the trench goes back to the general Wallenstein , although he had nothing to do with the planning and construction of the watercourse. Its original name was the Viechelnsche Fahrt .
history
Waterway
As early as the 14th century, the Hanseatic city of Wismar was cut off from the vital salt trade with Lüneburg by the Stecknitz Canal , which was completed in 1398 , because transport by waterway was cheaper than by car. A similarly short route from Dömitz via Elde and Stör was sought. As early as 1480, Duke Magnus II had plans drawn up for a canal between Schwerin and Wismar. Later the idea came up to connect Wismar with the Schaalsee , which flows over the Schaale to the Elbe.
There was no natural runoff from the Schweriner See to the Baltic Sea. However flowed from 1.5 kilometers north of Lake Schwerin located Lostener See a creek that Stivine, in the Wismar mill pond from.
As early as the 15th century, Wismar merchants planned to build a shipping route from the Elbe across Lake Schwerin to the Baltic Sea. In 1531, under Duke Albrecht VII, construction began from Hohen Viecheln in a first section to the Lostener See. From there, the existing stream of the Stivine should be used, but further failed because of the disagreement with his co-regent and brother Heinrich V.
It was not until 1565 that the mathematician, geographer and astronomer Tilemann Stella prepared an expert opinion and plan for a canal with 12 locks on behalf of the dukes Johann Albrecht I and Ulrich . The construction of the Viechelnschenfahrt began in 1577 and the first Lüneburg salt ship is said to have sailed the canal in 1594 before it was finally completed. The course of the canal corresponds completely to the railway line from Bad Kleinen to Wismar, which was only built in 1848, and thus shortened the western curve of the original course of the river. The expansion of the waterway was stopped due to lack of money, and the parts that had already been completed fell into disrepair. Some relics of the former canal can still be found today, such as traces of earthworks for lock systems as well as stones and bricks. Nevertheless, the canal is mentioned in the second main division of Mecklenburg in 1621 . When Wallenstein ruled briefly as Duke in Mecklenburg from 1629 , the strategic importance of the trench was clear to him, but there is evidence that no work was carried out on the canal in Wallenstein's time. For this reason, the literature puzzles to this day about the unjustified name change of the Viechelnschen ride in Wallensteingraben .
What remains is a non-navigable watercourse, an average of four meters wide, which for the most part flows through an attractive terminal moraine landscape and does not look artificial. Routes with calm, deep water alternate with fast currents. In places the water jumps over stony ground in such a way that one forgets to stand by a Niederungsbach, for example below the road bridge to Rambow. It is therefore not surprising that the Wallensteingraben once had a very good salmonid population and was rightly declared a salmonid water body. Due to insufficient stocking - again in spring 1967 for the first time in several years - the population has declined. The salmonid route stretches from Lake Losten to the paper mill at Rothentor near Wismar.
Usage history
The natural course of the Stivine served to operate about 14 mills, some of which already existed in 1250, and other hammers powered by water power. This mill use lasted until the beginning of the 20th century. The mill pond in Wismar still bears witness to the operation of a water mill. Functional water mills have not been preserved. At some former mill locations, electricity was generated from hydropower afterwards; in 2006 two turbines were still in operation. The hydropower station near Metelsdorf is the last functional of its kind in the river.
Historically, the Wallensteingraben also played a role in supplying the population. Various fishermen lived along the stream. It also served the drainage of adjacent agricultural areas.
At times the mill pond was used to supply Wismar with drinking water. When the water pipes from springs near Metelsdorf were cut off during the siege of Wismar in 1675 , obtaining water from only one region proved to be disadvantageous. Therefore, since 1685, additional water was pumped from the mill pond into a former defense tower, which was part of the city fortifications and is now called the old water tower , and passed on from there.
During the GDR era, the water was polluted by the extraction of water to irrigate arable land and by nutrient inputs from pig fattening.
The District Agricultural Museum in Mecklenburg shows in a translocated timbered house a permanent exhibition on the Wallensteingraben and provides further information.
See also
literature
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898. (Reprint: Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , p. 19 ff)
- Friedrich Stuhr : The Elbe-Baltic Sea Canal between Dömitz and Wismar. In: Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 64, 1899, pp. 193-260. (digitized on the document server of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library. mvdok.lbmv.de )
- Falko Hohensee: The Wallensteingraben: history, present and future of a Mecklenburg water body. Museum Dorf Mecklenburg, 1989, OCLC 833108774 .
- Falko Hohensee: Wallensteingraben - Myths, Facts and Visions. (= Insights. 16). District of Northwest Mecklenburg, 2013, ISBN 978-3-937431-88-8 .
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ In 1588, this was the reason for Lübeck to consider the merging of the Ratzeburger See and Schaalsee because it would then have had direct access to the Elbe via the Wakenitz . See Schlie 1898, p. 19, footnote 6.
- ↑ The Schaalsee Canal was only created in the 20th century.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Carl Friedrich v. Carmer: The historical dimension of small rivers using the example of the Wallenstein Graben. (PDF; 580 kB)
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Coastal Area of the Baltic Sea 2005. (PDF) State Office for Environment and Nature Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, accessed on October 4, 2017 (German, at: dgj.de).
- ^ Friedrich Stuhr: The Elbe-Baltic Canal between Dömitz and Wismar. ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity. Volume 64, 1899, p. 197.
- ↑ See Schlie 1898, p. 22 with reference to Norrmann: Ueber Wismars Handelslage and their use in older times. Rostock 1804, p. 64.
- ↑ Page can no longer be called up , search in web archives: Der Wallensteingraben - Wallenstein's Graben? on nordwestmecklenburg.de (PDF file; 486 kB)
- ^ Ernst Ballerstaedt: The water supply of the city of Wismar. In: Ernst Ballerstaedt (Red.): Wismar. (= Germany's urban development .) (Published by the Council of the Seestadt Wismar) Deutscher Architektur- und Industrie-Verlag (DARI), Berlin-Halensee 1927, DNB 361899173 , pp. 65–67.