Shell

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Schaale (disambiguation) .

Shell
Data
Water code	DE : 59368
location	Western Mecklenburg
River system	Elbe
Drain over	Sude  → Elbe  → North Sea
source	Schaalsee 53 ° 32 ′ 58 ″  N , 10 ° 55 ′ 59 ″  E
Source height	35  m above sea level NN
muzzle	At Gülze in the Sude coordinates: 53 ° 20 ′ 35 ″  N , 10 ° 49 ′ 10 ″  E 53 ° 20 ′ 35 ″  N , 10 ° 49 ′ 10 ″  E
Mouth height	6  m above sea level NN
Height difference	29 m
Bottom slope	about 0.73 ‰
length	about 40 km
Catchment area	686 km²
Discharge at the Klein Bengerstorf A Eo gauge : 608 km² Location: 14 km above the mouth	NNQ (often August 1973) MNQ 1957–2012 MQ 1957–2012 Mq 1957–2012 MHQ 1957–2012 HHQ (February 10, 1980)	470 l / s 940 l / s 2.84 m³ / s 4.7 l / (s km²) 11.9 m³ / s 22.9 m³ / s
Drain	MQ	3.4 m³ / s
Left tributaries	Hammerbach, Lazy Bach , shields
Right tributaries	Small bowl
Small towns	Zarrentin at the Schaalsee

The Schaale is an approximately 40 kilometer long tributary of the Sude in the west of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the natural outflow of the Schaalsee .

course

Schaale in a forest near Kogel

Channeled course at Blücher

The Schaale emerges from the Schaalsee on the south bank via a weir of the Schaalmühle, which was closed in 1980, and runs southwards initially through a sand area . At Schaalmühle, the Hammerbach flows to the left from the Boissower See. The Kleine Schaale flows south of Kogel , the Faule Bach north of Vietow and the Schilde south of Bennin . From here on the slope decreases and the river forms meanders . At Zahrensdorf the Schaale reaches the Elbe glacial valley and the UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve River Landscape Elbe-Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . From the Hühnerbusch the course of the river is largely straightened, whereby the original river bed is preserved and forms side arms. The lower reaches are characterized by wooded dunes and cultivated wet meadows, which are often flooded in spring. To the south-east of Gülze the Schaale flows into the Sude, which in turn flows into the Elbe a few kilometers further west.

The long-term mean discharge at the mouth is 3.4 m³ / s. Only a small part of the water discharged by the Schaale comes directly from the Schaalsee, mainly from sources and tributaries on the banks of the 686 km² catchment area.

The entire course of the Schaale as well as the adjacent areas were placed under legal protection through the designation of the nature reserves Schaalelauf and Schaaleniederung . The canalised river course south of Blücher was within the NSG Sudeniederung between Boizenburg and possession .

history

Surname

The bowl is mentioned in a document from 1279 as Scalen . A name can be derived from the Old Slavonic or Polish skala for stone, rock (old) or cliff, rock (Polish). Accordingly, the name Schaale stands for the Steinige / Steinbach .

Emergence

The Schaale was created as a meltwater runoff from the ice advance of the Frankfurt stage of the Vistula glaciation . Most of it runs in a box valley sunk up to ten meters into the sand with distinctive, differently old sliding and impact slopes and terraces . Boulders and gravel occurring in the course of the river were created by the flushing of cold-time moraine courses .

Usage history

In the period 1564 to 1830 of the river was by 13 congestion controlled and box locks. The Schaale was already an important trade route for the salt shipping in the 17th century, which gave Zarrentin the function of a market town . The Lüneburg saltworks were also supplied with wood that was extracted from the river and rafted for transport . Only after closure of Lüneburg he Saline in 1830 led to reforestation.

Schaalsee

At times, in competition with the Stecknitz Canal, the idea was pursued to connect Wismar with the Schaalsee for shipping purposes in order to reach the Elbe via the Schaale. In 1588, this was the reason for Lübeck to consider the merging of Ratzeburger See and Schaalsee, because it would then have had direct access to the Elbe via the Wakenitz , but Lübeck's plans were not implemented. The construction of the Wallensteingraben between Wismar and the Schweriner See began under Duke Albrecht VII in 1531 from Hohen Viecheln in a first section to the Lostener See , the new canal was therefore initially called the Viechelner Fahrt . Another failed because of the disagreement with his co-regent and brother Heinrich V.

In addition to the Schaale as a natural outflow was from 1923 to 1925 following the lakes chain Schaalsee, Puhlsee, Pipersee and Salemer See the Schaalsee channel to approximately 30 meters below Küchensee, a part of the Ratzeburger to the slope of operating a hydroelectric power plant in Farchau to use. Since then, this construction measure has led to a greatly reduced drainage over the shell. Despite the artificially created water connection with an outflow over the Wakenitz and Trave into the Baltic Sea, the Schaalsee is hydrologically counted as part of the catchment area of ​​the Schaale and thus the Elbe.

Flora and fauna

In the upper reaches of the Schaale a lime is between Moor traversed with rare plant species.

In the area of ​​the shell there are otters , beavers and 22 species of fish, including burbot , western group , loach , brook trout and brook lamprey , as well as brook mussel and pea mussel .

natural reserve

As early as 1934 and 1982, parts of the Schaalelauf were placed under protection . The Schaaletal nature reserve near Schildfeld and Vietow (113A) existed since 1982 and was expanded in 1993 by the NSG Schaalelauf (113B). The NSG Schaaleniederung between Zahrensdorf and Blücher (169) existed since 1990.

Today the lower Schaalelauf is located in the UNESCO Elbe-Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania River Landscape Biosphere Reserve . With the passing of the "Law on the Biosphere Reserve River Landscape of the Elbe Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania" on January 15, 2015, the large protected area was divided into core, maintenance and development zones in order to implement the national criteria for the recognition and review of UNESCO biosphere reserves in Germany (Section 6 BRElbeG MV). At the same time, with Article 7 of the law "Repeal of legal provisions", the national protected area ordinances and resolutions etc. a. to landscape and nature reserves as well as to the nature park "Mecklenburgisches Elbetal", so that these protected area categories no longer exist within the biosphere reserve. The areas of the nature reserve have been given the status of care zone in the UNESCO Elbe-Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania River Landscape Biosphere Reserve.

The area where the Schaale flows into the Schaalsee is part of the FFH area Schaalsee (MV) .

literature

• Götz Goldammer; The Schaale Canal. Relic research on historical inland canals between the Elbe and the Baltic Sea . [Information from the Geographical Society in Hamburg; Vol. 87. Ed. Norbert Nagel.] Stuttgart, Steiner, 1998.
• Environment Ministry Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (ed.): Schaaletal near Schildfeld and Vietow 113A, Schaalelauf 113B and Schaaleniederung between Zahrensdorf and Blücher 169 in: The nature reserves in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Demmler-Verlag, Schwerin 2003, p. 628 f.
• Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, p. 19 ff. ISBN 3-910179-06-1 .

Web links

Commons : Schaale  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Law on the Elbe River Landscape Biosphere Reserve Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Elbe Biosphere Reserve Act - BRElbeG MV) of January 15, 2015
• Site of the UNESCO Elbe River Landscape Biosphere Reserve Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
• Map portal Umwelt MV with geodata (protected area borders, biotope mapping, etc.)

swell

1. ↑ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part III 2012. (PDF) ISSN 0949-3654. Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Hamburg Port Authority, p. 142 , accessed on October 4, 2017 (German, at: dgj.de). 
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Ministry of Environment Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (ed.): The nature reserves in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Demmler Verlag, Schwerin 2003, ISBN 3-910150-52-7 , p. 628.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Schaaleniederung between Zahrensdorf and Blücher ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , State portal MV (PDF file) 
4. ↑ ^{a b} Michael Bergemann: Complete list of flowing waters in the Elbe catchment area . Authority for the Environment and Energy, Hamburg July 1, 2015 ( fgg-elbe.de [PDF; 802 kB ; accessed on November 29, 2015]).
5. ^ The Slavic place names in Meklenburg in the year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology . - Vol. 46 (1881), p. 126.
6. ↑ Historical data on Zarrentin  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on schaalseewohnung.de  
7. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, p. 19 ff. ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , p. 19, fn. 6.
8. ↑ International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe ( Memento of the original dated December 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 9.4 MB) 
9. ↑ Standard data sheet FFH area Schaalsee (MV) (PDF; 52 kB)