Nature conservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The nature in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has been (re) consist of the state in 1990, a stated goal of the state government .

The state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania has placed large parts of its territory under protection. The options for action are essentially determined by the Nature Conservation Implementation Act.

Nature conservation also has positive regional economic effects. A nationwide study in 2004 showed a regional added value of 6.8 million euros for the Müritz National Park .

history

Nature conservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was initially carried out with a strong ornithological focus. The first protected areas were often so-called bird sanctuaries. The first nature reserve was established with NSG 1 - Peenemünder Haken, Struck and Ruden in 1925. The voluntary and full-time nature conservation work receives substantial support from the state teaching facility in Müritzhof, which was founded in 1954. Nature conservation received a significant impetus from the fall of 1989/90 and the GDR's national park program . Numerous new protected areas were designated in the country and established by ordinance. For existing areas, the regulations and treatment guidelines continue to apply until they are updated. Since the 1990s, action has also been determined by the requirements of the European Union : the Habitats Directive is implemented with effects on species protection , monitoring and designation of protected areas.

need

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is known for its natural wealth. Numerous animal and plant species, such as the lesser spotted eagle and fire-bellied toad, find their main distribution here. River valley moors in this diversity are only found in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

The landscape history of the last 10,000 years since the end of the Ice Age has led to numerous biotopes that are threatened by human economic activity. Examples are the cliffs , beaches , salt marshes , lagoon waters , lakes , moors and swamps , pools , swamp and alluvial forests as well as streams and rivers with their sources .

On the other hand, in the last few centuries man created cultural landscapes that are worth preserving, such as wet meadows , dwarf shrub and juniper heaths , field trees, dry grassland and salt grasslands. Field trees and hedges ,

actors

The highest nature conservation authority is the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment , to which the State Office for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology is assigned as the upper nature conservation authority . On the one hand, the state offices for agriculture and the environment as well as the lower nature conservation authorities of the districts and cities assume enforcement tasks at regional level.

Numerous voluntary helpers, environmental associations (e.g. NABU , BUND , WWF , Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald , Green League , Landesjagdverband, Landesangelverband, working group for domestic wild fish, tourist association “Die Naturfreunde” and support associations of large protected areas) as well as foundations (e.g. Environment and Nature Conservation Foundation, German Wildlife Foundation ).

The BINGO environmental lottery and the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation often provide financial help through long-term financing of large-scale nature conservation projects .

Species protection

Species protection is taken care of by all state nature conservation actors. Tasks according to the Federal Nature Conservation Act and the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species were assigned to the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology in Güstrow . Additional work is often done by the lower nature conservation authorities.

Protected biotopes

Numerous biotopes enjoy blanket protection against human interference under the State Nature Conservation Act. In the forest z. For example, above a certain size, these are quarry , alluvial and dune forests as well as moors and other wet habitats. The protected biotopes have been recorded nationwide since the 1990s and the basic data can be viewed by every citizen via the Internet.

Large-scale conservation projects

Funding comes mainly from federal funds (up to 75%). The state administration usually contributes 15% and the project sponsors (e.g. districts, special-purpose associations or clubs) 10% of the costs. So far, three projects have been implemented in the country:

  • Peenetal / Peene-Haff-Moor with a funding volume of 31 million euros (1992 to 2008) in the sponsorship of the special purpose association "Peenetal-Landschaft"
  • Ostrügensche Boddenlandschaft with a funding volume of 12 million euros (1995 to 2009) in the sponsorship of the Rügen Landscape Management Association
  • Schaalsee landscape with a funding volume of 25 million euros (1992 to 2009) sponsored by the association of the same name

The projects each had to be supported by an extensive maintenance and development plan. The new major nature conservation project North Western Pomerania Forest Landscape has existed since 2009 .

Protected areas according to EU law ( FFH , SPA )

One third of the land area is secured as an FFH area and bird sanctuary (partly temporarily).

In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania there are 234 areas of community importance according to the Habitats Directive, which cover an area of ​​two to 60,000 hectares. There are 58 different habitat types according to Annex 1 of the Habitats Directive in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. There are also 62 bird sanctuaries (SPA) with a size of 8 to 120,000 hectares.

A detailed action plan is being drawn up for some of the areas in order to achieve the protective provisions. The areas often only have concrete protection through the protected areas they contain according to state law (status of nature reserve or landscape protection area).

Nature reserves

Nature reserve

There are currently 284 nature reserves set up in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The objective is to develop or maintain nature and the landscape. Use is often permitted and is a necessary requirement to achieve the protective purpose. They take up a total area of ​​around 80,000 hectares, which corresponds to 2.5 percent of the MV state area. The mean size is 271 hectares. Together with the national parks, nature reserves take up 192,584 hectares (6.2 percent of the MV state area).

Nature reserves can be managed by individuals or legal entities. In addition to monitoring the area, public relations work and necessary maintenance measures are part of the support.

The designation is carried out by means of a nature reserve ordinance, with the boundaries of the protected area shown on an attached map.

The areas are in different conditions. Dehydration and nutrient inputs often lead to impairments.

Landscape protection areas

Landscape protection area

Landscape protection areas are designated by ordinance by the districts (lower nature conservation authority) and serve primarily to preserve the landscape and as a recreational area. They are often given restrictions on forestry, building permits, etc. in order to preserve the character of the landscape. The area of ​​the landscape protection areas in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is almost 700,000 hectares and thus corresponds to about a fifth of the area of ​​the state.

Natural monuments and protected landscape components

Natural monument

Components of nature and landscape that are worth protecting can be designated as protected landscape components by the locally responsible municipality or lower nature conservation authority (districts or urban districts). The objects designated as natural monuments according to earlier nature conservation legislation continue to exist; if suitable, they can be converted into protected landscape components. These are usually pools , springs , boulders and old or rare trees . There are over 600 natural monuments in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Protected landscape component

National parks

Three of the 15 German national parks are located in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . You take u. a. a large part of the Baltic coast.

An extensive inventory analysis and the definition of development goals took place in the areas through the creation of national park plans in the years 1998 to 2003. Legal stipulations were made through regulations on forest treatment and hunting in national parks.

Biosphere reserves

Nature parks

National parks, biosphere reserves and nature parks are collectively referred to as large protected areas . The majority was expelled in 1990 as part of the GDR's national park program.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Job, H. et al .: Economic Effects of Large Protected Areas. (PDF; 3.4 MB) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 2005, p. 111 , accessed on June 10, 2009 . See p. 70 ff.
  2. ↑ Landeslehrstätte MV ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.umweltschulen.de
  3. ↑ § 22 Law of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the Implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. Continuation of protected status . Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  4. ↑ § 37 Law of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the Implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. Establishment of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Environmental and Nature Conservation Foundation. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  5. ↑ § 23 Law of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the Implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. Species protection. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  6. ↑ § 20 Law of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the Implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. Legally protected biotopes and geotopes. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Information on protected biotopes on the LUNG MV website. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Financing of large-scale nature conservation projects (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation)
  9. ↑ Large-scale nature conservation project Peenetal / Peene-Haff-Moor on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
  10. ↑ Large-scale nature conservation project Ostrügensche Boddenlandschaft on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
  11. ↑ Large-scale nature conservation project Schaalsee-Landschaft on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
  12. ^ "Schaalsee-Landschaft" association with planning information in the context of the major nature conservation project
  13. ↑ www.peenetal-landschaft.de - The project / approach. June 26, 2007. Retrieved October 8, 2017 .
  14. ↑ § 21 Law of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the Implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. "Natura 2000" network. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  15. ↑ List of areas of Community importance in MV (PDF; 411 kB)
  16. ↑ Excerpt from the habitat types occurring in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. (PDF; 41 kB). Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  17. ↑ List of EU bird protection areas in MV. (PDF; 24 kB). Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Management planning for Natura2000 areas. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  19. ↑ a b § 14 law of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the implementation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Nature Conservation Execution Act - NatSchAG MV) of February 23, 2010. Protected parts of nature and landscape. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  20. ↑ Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Ministry of the Environment (ed.): The nature reserves in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Demmler-Verlag, Schwerin 2003, ISBN 3-910150-52-7 , p. 47 .
  21. ↑ § 32 Law for the Protection of Nature and the Landscape in the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (State Nature Conservation Act - LNatG MV) in the version of the announcement of October 22, 2002. Care of protected parts of nature and landscape. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  22. ↑ see also map portal environment
  23. ↑ Exemplary LSG regulation "Mecklenburgische Schweiz and Kummerower See" Landkreis Demmin. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  24. ↑ Protected area statistics on the LUNG MV website. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .
  25. ↑ Ordinance regulating hunting in the national parks of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (National Park Hunting Ordinance - NLPJagdVO MV) of December 8, 2010. Accessed on December 20, 2018 .