Epenthesis
An epenthesis ( Greek επένθεσις epenthesis 'insertion', also: sound insertion, sound insertion ) is the addition of a speech sound to a word to facilitate pronunciation (without etymological motivation). Epentheses can only be found in morphologically complex expressions. In some cases they are also used to avoid hiaten . In addition to articulatory and tonal reasons, such sound insertions can also be made for metrical reasons in the poem. As a word-changing rhetorical figure , the epenthesis belongs to the group of metaplasms .
Examples
- -t (euphony-t, t euphonicum) in my t half, your t half, your t half whose t for hope t Lich, name t Lich, openable t Lich, know t Lich
- -s- in newspaper s young (the inserted s is at the same time a joint element because it is inserted between the two components of a compound )
- -n- in africa n ish serves to avoid hiatal
- -t- in Tokyo t it also serves to avoid hiatal
Epentheses do not necessarily have to be reflected in the orthography . Such a sound insertion can take place in the spoken language even with unchanged orthography:
- -t- in by the way . The pronunciation [ ˈyːbrigəns ] to be expected after the written form is often implemented as [ ˈyːbrigənts ]. Conversely, however, this can often lead to a widespread spelling mistake , as incidentally instead of incidentally is written according to the phonetic realization .
In the course of acquiring the first language, the use of epentheses to facilitate pronunciation can also be observed in small children :
- Sand a ra for 'Sandra'
- Lu l ise for 'Luise'
See also
- Support lock (inserted plosive)
- Scion vowel (inserted vowel)
- Fugue morpheme (group of sounds inserted in word compositions)
- Prosthesis (sound addition at the beginning of the word)
- Paragogue (sound addition at the end of a word)
- Elision or redemption (a counterpart to epenthesis)
- Sound change
- glide
literature
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler-Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart et al. 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 , p. 187.
- Roland Greene: Epenthesis. In: Roland Greene, Stephen Cushman et al. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 4th edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-13334-8 , p. 439 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Otto Knörrich: Lexicon of lyrical forms (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 479). 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-520-47902-8 , p. 59.
- Georg Rechenauer : Epenthesis. In: Gert Ueding (Hrsg.): Historical dictionary of rhetoric . Vol. 2. De Gruyter, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-484-68102-0 , Sp. 1242-1246.
- Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature. 8th edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-520-84601-3 , p. 217.
