Erbacher Hof (Limburg an der Lahn)
The Erbacher Hof was the town courtyard of the Eberbach Monastery in Limburg an der Lahn . After the secularization , the buildings were used by various public institutions. The name refers to a variant of the monastery name and was characteristic of today's street name In der Erbach . The preserved buildings are protected architectural monuments. Due to its direct location on the Lahn below the Limburg Cathedral, the Erbacher Hof has a significant impact on the cityscape.
history
In Hadamar , on the northern edge of the Limburg basin , the Cistercian monastery began building a grangie in 1190 . It was based on several foundations in Hadamar and the surrounding area. The first real estates in Limburg were turned to the monastery from 1211. The use of this property was made by the Grangie Hadamar.
It was not until the middle of the 13th century that Eberbach Monastery founded a branch, initially for trading purposes, in the up-and-coming city of Limburg. The city experienced an economic boom in the beginning of the 14th century. The wooden Lahn bridge, which was destroyed by a flood in 1306, was replaced by the new stone Lahn bridge in 1315 . The wooden Lahn bridge was roughly in the area of today's Erbacher Hof. The Eberbach monastery sold a courtyard in front of Diezer Tor in 1317 to the Wilhelmite Order , who used it to relocate the previous monastery from the flood-prone Lahninsel to the new so-called Diezer suburb.
In 1320 Abbot Wilhelm sold the Granie Hadamar to Count Emicho von Nassau-Hadamar , who expanded it into their residential palace . The monastery relocated the management of the goods in the Limburg Basin to the Erbacher Hof Limburg, where it expanded the city courtyard in several phases in the following years. The chapel, built in 1322/24, has been preserved to this day. A considerable expansion took place after 1369 when the monastery succeeded in acquiring the last remaining, non-monastery-owned house between the chapel and the Lahn. The courtyard of the Arnstein Monastery in Limburg was built in the immediate vicinity of the Erbacher Hof from 1370 .
In addition to economic activities, the monastery organized religious and charitable activities on the farm . A hospital ( infirmarium ) is already occupied for the year 1323 . Citizens of the city also took part in the masses in the chapel. The chapel was a station of the seven-church procession that was held until 1562, based on the Roman model . The city courtyard had its own cemetery for convent members and donors .
The management was relocated after the monastery economy changed. Originally the Cistercian monastery operated its property on its own. From the middle of the 13th century, however, there was a slow transition to leasing , which could be organized by the town yards. The Erbacher Hof became the seat of one of the monastery's seven syndicates . This had the task of monitoring compliance with the lease agreements and the payment of taxes to the monastery. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Limburg syndicate comprised farms in 25 villages in the Limburg basin. The Limburg Syndicate's farms specialized mainly in agriculture and, to a lesser extent, in animal husbandry. Viticulture and the timber industry played a subordinate role. There were also several leased townhouses and mills.
Since most of the property of the Limburg Syndicate was in Electorate of Trier , the monastery was able to save this property complex largely unscathed by the Reformation . However, the high loads on the monastery from the Thirty Years' War and the Reunion Wars prevented expansion. It was not until the late 18th century that the monastery achieved economic consolidation. The representative new building of the main building of the Erbacher Hof from 1776 to 1778 under Abbot Adolph II. Werner von Salmünster belongs to the numerous buildings of the Abbots of the Baroque. In 1783 the Johannes patronage of the chapel was mentioned for the first time.
With the secularization , the Erbacher Hof and its property complex fell to the Duchy of Nassau in 1803 . This set up a recipe for the secularized church property in the region around Limburg in the main building of the court. From 1803 the chapel served as a salt warehouse for the salt monopoly administration . In 1807 the chapel was expanded to include the stair tower. With the reform of the financial administration in the Duchy of Nassau in 1816, the building served as the seat of the ducal rent office and from 1822 as the office of the Limburg office . From 1822 the domain administration used the building as a warehouse for seltzer water . In 1831, Duke Wilhelm donated the chapel to the Protestant community of Limburg so that they could set up their own church. The present gallery was presumably built in this context.
In 1867, the Protestant community sold the chapel to the Jewish community, which used it as a synagogue until 1903 . Around 1870 the building was enlarged by an extension on the east side. After the Limburg district was founded , the building served as the Royal Prussian District Office. Even after the construction of the new district building on the Schiede, the Erbacher Hof served as an administration building. The district office then bought the chapel and used it as a file repository. During the Nazi era , this was the seat of the Gestapo in Limburg. After the Second World War, the building was again used by the administrative district as the seat of the land registry .
In 1948 the chapel was transferred to the independent Evangelical Lutheran congregation and has since been used as a place of worship again. A comprehensive renovation and reconstruction took place in 1958. In 1999, it was sold to private owners who converted the building into a rental house.
Building description
The residential building is a baroque two-storey solid building. This is plastered on the outside, the corners of the building are set off by square bars . The house has even window axes and is crowned by a high half- hipped roof with dormers . The coat of arms of the client Adolph II. Werner von Salmünster is attached above the entrance portal. A baroque staircase has been preserved inside. There are also remains of the basement rooms of the previous building. A side extension is more recent and simple.
The chapel is a two-bay Gothic hall building. It is built from exposed quarry stone masonry. Instead of a church tower, it only has a roof turret . The original access at the back is walled up. Today's access is via the pointed arch portal on the front. Inside the chapel has a wooden gallery.
The courtyards originally belonging to the farm yard, such as barns, stables, farm gardens and ornamental gardens, are no longer available.
literature
- J. Söhn: History of the economic life of the Eberbach Abbey in the Rheingau . JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1914.
- Gabriele Schnorrenberger: Economic administration of the Eberbach monastery in the Rheingau . Historical commission for Nassau , Wiesbaden 1977.
- [[Friedhelm Jügensmeister]], Regina Elisabeth Scherdtfeger (ed.): The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia . EOS Verlag Archabbey St. Ottilien, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-8306-7450-4 , p. 383-572 .
Web links
- State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): In der Erbach 2–3 In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ferdinand Luthmer: The architectural and art monuments of the Lahn area, p. 78 [1]
- ↑ State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse (ed.): Hospitalstrasse 2 In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
- ^ Franz-Karl Nieder: The Limburger Hospital and the Anna Church . 2005, ISBN 3-936162-99-9 , pp. 24 .
- ↑ Wolfram Nicol (ed.): The Limburg Cathedral . Self-rel. d. Ges. For Middle Rhine. Church history, Mainz 1985, p. 9 ( dilibri.de ).
- ^ Limburg ad Lahn, Gestapo branch. Topography of National Socialism in Hesse (as of February 14, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 12, 2013 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '23.3 " N , 8 ° 3' 55.4" E