Büdelsdorf earthworks

The earthworks of Büdelsdorf near Rendsburg is located in Schleswig-Holstein and is a facility that was created during the Neolithic as a northern European “monumental architecture”. The type of plant appears from the Central European Early Neolithic with the linear ceramic culture and later (regionally up to the Eneolithic ) still plays a role. Earthworks are usually surrounded by mine works, ramparts and palisades. This earthwork was surrounded in places by four concentric rings with elaborately designed gateways.

location

In Büdelsdorf , on the edge of today's residential area In der Hollerschen Anlagen , the earliest evidence of an earthwork in the area of ​​the northern group of the funnel cup culture (TBK) was made at the end of the 1960s . The Büdelsdorfer Erdwerk lies on a 16 m high, steeply sloping moraine tongue in the south and west, which extends far into the Eider Valley. In the north, a once muddy erosion channel forms a natural boundary. The northeastern area has no natural limit. Due to the current overbuilding, this scenic situation is no longer given there - the residential area, a wood and sports and leisure facilities cover the northern part. The 20,000 m² archaeological excavation area represents only about a fifth of the total area.

Research history

After the discovery of the earthworks of Sarup I + II on Funen in Denmark , further evidence of earthworks of the funnel cup culture (TBK) was quickly found. They are called “Sarupanlæg” in Denmark. A number of earthworks are now occupied in the north . Near the Büdelsdorfer Erdwerks a simultaneous been burial ground discovered. Megalithic systems that have disappeared and were built later can also be seen.

Inside, places for working flint , pits, hearths and post holes were documented. The excavation also yielded around 35,000 ceramic fragments. Among the two tons of stone artefacts , there were few Paleolithic and Mesolithic, as well as Late Neolithic and Bronze Age key forms. More than 98% of the finds belong to the Early and Middle Neolithic. Only hatchets and axes dating from the transition from the Early Neolithic C to the Middle Neolithic I were found. Small amounts of amber , charcoal , botanical remains and calcined bones complete the inventory.

Devices were often reworked. On craft activities have hatchets and chisels , different Spitz devices or drills and other retouched haircuts back. Artefacts that are called "Skivekniv" ( German "disk knife " ) in Denmark are also setting the tone . They have an approximately one centimeter wide, blade-shaped peg that is reminiscent of a screwdriver. While this type is very common in Denmark (e.g. in Røsnæsgård on Zealand and Brabrand Ådal Jutland ), it was only found in small numbers in Germany. Unusual are also 80 brought the antlers in conjunction graver .  

In Büdelsdorf, a locally non-pending flint , which is almost exclusively represented as an ax and tee, is widespread, which was defined as a "white flint". Since the white flakes had no bark , the archaeologist Henning Haßmann came to the assumption that the flint had already reached the earthworks. This flint was used to prove the transport of flint. From the tees you can see that it consisted of cuboid slabs. There is a parallel to the so-called Dan -Flint, which was also used for axes. The evidence indicates that earthworks belonged to a production chain and, if necessary, took on a distribution role.

The location of the spurs and the massive nature of the enclosure suggest a military conception of the square. The thesis is apparently supported by the high number of projectiles (especially cross cutters ) and their distribution. Most of the artifacts, which were largely provided with characteristic fractures, were mainly in the areas close to the grave. The stones decorated with rock carvings, which are unique in this room, can possibly be combined with cultic components. Some hand-sized stone slabs show elaborate incisions such as bundles of lines, conductor patterns and diamond-shaped or triangular fields.

The earthworks of Albersdorf, Bad Segeberg and Rastorf are also located in Schleswig-Hostein.

See also

• Dolmen of Büdelsdorf

literature

• Henning Haßmann: The trail of the stones ... the Neolithic earthworks of Büdelsdorf . In: Werner Budesheim & H. Keiling (eds.): On the younger Stone Age in Northern Germany. Insights into the life of the first farmers. Wachholtz Verlag GmbH, Neumünster 1996, ISBN 3-529-02054-0 , pp. 19-30 ( contributions for science and culture 2).
• Henning Haßmann: The stone artifacts of the fortified Neolithic settlement of Büdelsdorf, Rendsburg-Eckernförde district . UPAS 62. Bonn, Habelt 2000.
• Annette Guldin: A street tells stories. A newly discovered earthwork of the Neolithic in the route area of ​​the planned Autobahn 20 near Bad Segeberg In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Schleswig-Holstein 2011 ISBN 978-3-529-01433-8 p. 33ff

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Information board of the Schleswig-Holstein State Monuments Office at the location "In den Hollerschen Anlagen" (as photo [1] ).
2. ↑ TK 25 sheet 1624 Rendsburg (1937 edition) (as a digitized archived copy ( memento of the original from September 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and remove then this note. ). 
3. ^ City of Büdelsdorf, land use and urban development plan (as a digital copy [2] ).
4. ↑ In Sarup on Funen in Denmark, there are two Neolithic systems of the funnel beaker culture (TBK) dated to the 4th millennium BC. Chr.
5. ↑ Henning Haßmann, The stone artifacts of the fortified Neolithic settlement of Büdelsdorf, Rendsburg-Eckernförde district. UPAS 62. Bonn, Habelt 2000, 180

Coordinates: 54 ° 18 ′ 48 ″  N , 9 ° 41 ′ 38 ″  E