Erik Jarvik

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Anders Erik Vilhelm Jarvik (born November 30, 1907 in Utby , Sweden ; † January 11, 1998 in Stockholm , Sweden) was a Swedish paleozoologist who was particularly known for his intensive work on Eusthenopteron foordi ( Sarcopterygii ). In his over 60-year career, Jarvik has produced such a detailed anatomy of this fish that Eusthenopteron is considered to be the best-studied fossil .

Life

Jarvik was born on a farm in Utby in Västergötland . He studied botany , zoology , geology and paleontology at Uppsala University until 1937 . In 1942 he received his doctorate on the subject of the structure of the snout in crossopterygians and lower gnathostomes in general . He had already participated in Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh's Greenland expedition in 1932 and from 1937 was assistant at the Department of Paleozoology at the Swedish Museum of History in Stockholm . In 1960 Jarvik followed his teacher Erik Stensiö as professor and head of department. In 1972 he retired from professional life.

Scientific work

Jarvik's scientific work related mostly to sarcopterygii . His main interest was the Rhipidistia , which he divided into two groups: the Osteolepiformes and the Porolepiformes . He published several descriptive papers on the Devonian Sarcopterygii. In particular, he contributed with detailed studies of the anatomy of the cranium of Eusthenopteron foordi . The techniques used here were then also applied to investigations on the cranium of Glyptolepis groenlandica .

Jarvik proposed partly controversial hypotheses about the basic structure of the vertebrate skull and about the origin of the tetrapods. However, his views were hardly accepted and have not been adopted into today's paleontology. However, his conception of the double origin of the tetrapods is not yet "off the table". Characteristic for him was an extremely "idealistic", anti-functionalistic point of view in the morphology - if he wanted to forcibly find all ("intended") parts of each gill arch, including the two premandibular ("located in front of the mandibular arch") for their former Existence there is no evidence (accepted by others).

Jarvik also studied the anatomy and relationships of lung fish , which he believed to be relatively primitive gnathostomata , supposedly most closely related to holocephali (Jarvik 1980b). Jarvik also contributed to a number of classic problems in comparative anatomy, such as the formation of vertebrates, or the homology of the frontal and parietal bones in fish and tetrapods . He also had his own views on the derivation of the ossicles (Jarvik 1980b).

Some of Jarvik's views on the formation of vertebrates are again in full contrast to the general view of paleontologists. Nevertheless, his anatomical work on Eusthenopteron foordi laid the foundations for modern research on transitional species between fish and tetrapods. Finally, Jarvik examined the anatomy of Ichthyostega so thoroughly and in detail that a unique monograph with a large number of photographic documentation was created from it (which had already been made between 1929 and 1955). However, he did not have any other experts examine the fossil during the nearly 50-year investigation. Only after his death were simple errors corrected in his interim reports.

Jarvik was a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences and the French Academy of Sciences and was a Knight of the Vasa Order . The lungfish Jarvikia and the osteolepiform Jarvikina were named after him.

Fonts

  • Théories de l'évolution des vertébrés reconsidérées à la lumière des récentes découvertes sur les vertébrés inférieurs. Masson, Paris 1960.
  • Basic Structure and Evolution of Vertebrates, 2 Vols. Academic Press, London 1980

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1942). On the structure of the snout of crossopterygians and lower gnathostomes in general. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala, 21, 235–675.
  2. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1937). On the species of Eusthenopteron found in Russia and the Baltic states. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, 27, 63–127.
  3. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1944). On the exoskeletal shoulder-girdle of teleostomian fishes, with special reference to Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, (3) 21 (7), 1–32.
  4. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1948). On the morphology and taxonomy of the Middle Devonian osteolepid fishes of Scotland. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 3 (25), 1–301.
  5. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1949). On the Middle Devonian crossopterygians from the Hornelen Field in Western Norway. Årbok Univ. Bergen, 1948, 1-48.
  6. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1950). Middle Devonian vertebrates from Canning Land and Wegeners Halvö (East Greenland). II. Crossopterygii. Meddelelser om Greenland, 96 (4), 1-132.
  7. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1950). Note on Middle Devonian crossopterygians from the eastern part of Gauss Halvö, East Greenland. With an appendix: An attempt at a correlation of the Upper Old Red Sandstone of East Greenland with the marine sequence. Meddelelser om Greenland, 149 (6), 1-20.
  8. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1950). On some osteolepiform crossopterygians from the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, (4) 2, 1–35.
  9. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1967). On the structure of the lower jaw in dipnoans: with a description of an early Devonian dipnoan from Canada, Melanognathus canadensis gen. Et sp. nov. In: Fossil vertebrates (eds. C. Patterson & PH Greenwood), Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 47, 155-183.
  10. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1985). Devonian osteolepiform fishes from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Greenland, Geoscience 13, 1-52.
  11. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1942). On the structure of the snout of crossopterygians and lower gnathostomes in general. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala, 21, 235–675.
  12. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1954). On the visceral skeleton in Eusthenopteron with a discussion of the parasphenoid and palatoquadrate in fishes. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, (4) 5, 1–104.
  13. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1975). On the saccus endolymphaticus and adjacent structures in osteolepiforms, anurans and urodeles. Colloques Internationaux du Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, 218, 191-211.
  14. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1972). Middle and Upper Devonian Porolepiformes from East Greenland with special reference to Glyptolepis groenlandica n. Sp. Meddelelser om Grønland, 187 (2), 1-295.
  15. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1960). Théories de l'évolution des vertébrés reconsidérées à la lumière des récentes découvertes sur les vertébrés inférieurs. Paris: Masson.
  16. ↑ Bjerring, HC (1977). A contribution to structural analysis of the head of craniate animals. The orbit and its contents in 20-22 mm embryos of the North American actinopterygian Amia calva L., with particular reference to the evolutionary significance of an aberrant, nonocular, orbital muscle innervated by the oculomotor nerve and notes on the metameric character of the head in craniates. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 127-183.
  17. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1980). Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates. Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.
  18. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1980). Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates. Vol. 2. London: Academic Press.
  19. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1986). On the origin of the Amphibia. In: Studies in Herpetology (ed. Z. Roček), 1–24. Prague: Charles University.
  20. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1968). The systematic position of the Dipnoi. In: Current Problems of Lower Vertebrate Phylogeny (ed. T. Ørvig), Nobel Symposium 4, 223–245. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
  21. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1977). The systematic position of acanthodian fishes. In: Problems in vertebrate evolution (eds. SM Andrews, RS Miles & AD Walker), 199-225. London: Academic Press.
  22. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1988). The early vertebrates and their forerunners. In: L'évolution dans sa réalité et ses diverses modalités, 35–64. Paris: Masson.
  23. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1967). The homologies of frontal and parietal bones in fishes and tetrapods. Colloques Internationaux du Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, 163, 181-213.
  24. ↑ Panchen, A. (1981). A Devonian view of vertebrate evolution. Nature, 292, 565-566.
  25. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1981). [Review of:] Lungfishes, Tetrapods, Paleontology, and Plesiomorphy. Systematic Zoology, 30, 378-384.
  26. ↑ Janvier, P. (1998). Erik Jarvik (1907-1998). Palaeontologist renowned for his work on the "four-legged fish." Nature, 392, 338.
  27. ↑ Jarvik, E. (1996). The Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega . Fossils and Strata 40 : 1-213.
  28. ↑ Lehman, J.-P. (1959). Le Dipneustes du Devonia supérieur du Groenland. Meddelelser om Greenland, 164, 1-58.
  29. ↑ Vorobyeva, E. (1977). Morphology and nature of evolution of crossopterygian fish. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta at SSSR, Akademia Nauk SSSR, 163, 1–239.
personal data
SURNAME Jarvik, Erik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jarvik, Anders Erik Vilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish paleozoologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Utby
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1998
Place of death Stockholm