Alder-leaved rock pear

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Alder-leaved rock pear
Leaves and fruits

Leaves and fruits

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Rock pear ( Amelanchier )
Type : Alder-leaved rock pear
Scientific name
Amelanchier alnifolia
( Nutt. ) Nutt. ex M. Roem.
blossoms

The Amelanchier alnifolia or alder Amelanchier ( Amelanchier alnifolia ) the genus Amelanchier ( juneberries ) belongs to the pome fruit plants (Pyrinae) in the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It has 2 to 5 centimeters long leaf blades with a rounded to truncated tip. The flowers are creamy white and grow in clusters of five to fifteen. The fruits are purple-black and frosted when ripe. The natural range is in North America. The species is used in various varieties as an ornamental and fruit shrub.

description

The alder-leaved rock pear is a 2 to 4 meter high, multi-stemmed, stiffly upright and deciduous shrub with a gray to red-brown trunk bark . It forms short runners. The shoots are initially hairy, soft, tomentose, soon bald and are then red-brown. The leaves are arranged opposite one another, as in all rocks pears. The petiole is 0.5 to 2 inches long. The leaf blade is round to broadly elliptical, 2 to 5 centimeters long, rounded to truncated with a more or less regularly serrated leaf edge, at least towards the tip of the leaf. The underside of the leaves is initially tomentose, more or less bare at the time of flowering, later blue-green and bare. Eight to 13 closely and parallel standing veins extending into the leaf teeth are formed.

The 1.5 to 2 centimeters diameter flowers are five to 15 in 2 to 8 centimeters long, upright and dense clusters . The flower cup is 1 to 2 millimeters long. The calyx is five times lobed, the calyx lobes are lanceolate-triangular and 1 to 5 millimeters long. The five petals are linear to lanceolate, 6 to 16 millimeters long and creamy white. 20 stamens are formed. The ovary is below, glabrous or hairy at the top. The alder-leaved rock pear blooms in May.

The apple-like, sweet and juicy fruits are initially matt red when ripe, purple-black and frosted. They are round to egg-shaped and have a diameter of 0.8 to 1.5 centimeters. The calyx remains on the fruit.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68.

Distribution and location requirements

Distribution map

The natural range is in North America and ranges from subarctic Alaska and northern Canada to California and Utah in the southwest of the USA. The alder-leaved rock pear grows in floodplains , on the banks of water and in species-poor forests on moderately dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, gravelly or loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shaded, cool to cold locations. The species is frost hardy .

Systematics

The Amelanchier alnifolia ( Amelanchier alnifolia ) is a type of genre of rock pears ( Amelanchier ) in the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). There it is assigned to the sub- tribus of the pome fruit family (Pyrinae) in the tribe Pyreae , sub-family Spiraeoideae . It was scientifically described for the first time in 1818 by Thomas Nuttall as Aronia alnifolia ( Basionym ) and assigned to the chokeberry ( Aronia ). Max Joseph Roemer introduced the species as Amelanchier alnifolia to the rock pears in 1847 . In the Plant List, the alder-leaved rock pear is listed as a subspecies Amelanchier sanguinea var. Alnifolia (Nutt.) P. Landry .

There are four varieties :

  • Amelanchier alnifolia var. Alnifolia : The leaf margin is clearly serrated, at least towards the tip. The ovary has a very hairy tip and usually five styles and the petals reach a length of up to 12 millimeters.
  • Amelanchier alnifolia var. Cusickii (Fern.) CL Hitchc. The calyx lobes are usually longer than 3 millimeters. The petals are usually over 16 millimeters long and up to 8.5 millimeters wide. The ovary is bald or not hairy.
  • Amelanchier alnifolia var. Humptulipensis (GNJones) CLHitchc. The leaf margin is almost entire with a few small teeth near the leaf tip. The ovary has a very hairy tip and the petals reach a length of up to 12 millimeters.
  • Amelanchier alnifolia var. Semiintegrifolia (Hook.) CL Hitchc. The calyx lobes are shorter than 3 millimeters on average. The petals are 12 to 16 millimeters long and about 4 millimeters wide. The ovary is woolly hairy at the top.

The generic name Amelanchier comes from French and is derived from the pre-Roman expression melanca , which means something like 'black'. The expression refers to the black-violet fruits of the genus. The specific epithet alnifolia comes from Latin and means 'alder-leaved'. It is derived from alnus for alder and - folius for 'leafy'.

use

The fruits are eaten raw or cooked, they are rich in iron and copper. A tea can be made from the leaves. Several varieties of the alder-leaved rock pear are used as ornamental shrubs because of their striking flowers and decorative fruits .

swell

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 104.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 343 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 51, 56, 253 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name after Roloff, Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze , p. 104
  2. ^ German name according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 343
  3. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 104
  4. ↑ a b c Amelanchier alnifolia . In: E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Spatial Data Lab, Department of Geography UBC and UBC Herbarium., Accessed November 23, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Amelanchier alnifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ a b Amelanchier alnifolia . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed November 23, 2012 .
  7. ↑ D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9
  8. ↑ Aronia alnifolia . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed November 23, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Amelanchier alnifolia . In: The Plant List. Retrieved November 23, 2012 .
  10. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 56
  11. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , pp. 51, 253
  12. ↑ Amelanchier alnifolia at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 23, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Alder-leaved rock pear ( Amelanchier alnifolia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files