Ernst von Hammer

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Ernst Hermann Heinrich von Hammer (born April 20, 1858 in Ludwigsburg , † September 11, 1925 in Stuttgart ) was a German geodesist .

Life

Ernst von Hammer studied at the Technical University of Stuttgart from 1874–78 and became an assistant to Hugo von Schoder in 1882, since 1865 the first professor of geodesy at the TH Stuttgart (until 1876 "Polytechnic School Stuttgart"). After von Schoder's death in 1884, Ernst von Hammer was appointed Professor of Higher and Lower Geodesy by the Technical University at the age of only 26, later renamed Professor of Geodesy and Practical Astronomy. Ernst von Hammer was a member of the European degree measurement, advised the Statistical-Topographical Bureau of the Kingdom of Württemberg (after the First World War "Württembergisches Statistisches Landesamt") on height measurements, wrote the "Textbook of plane and spherical trigonometry" in 1885, which was published in five editions, and from 1893 developed the self-calculating Hammer-Fennel total station theodolite , in which the simultaneous determination of the horizontal distance and height difference was carried out using a diagram with distance and height curves . The first practical theodolites of this type were manufactured in 1901 in Adolf Fennel's mathematical-mechanical institute in Kassel and tested by cadastral officials from the Stuttgart State Statistical-Topographical Office and by Professor Carl Koppe , the first professor of geodesy at the Braunschweig University of Technology . The curves of Hammer's diagram are the basis of the construction of the total station chart of all manufacturers and founded the development of this type of instrument in 1898, which is characterized by its particular economy and high accuracy.

With magnetic measurements and registration of the earthquake activity in Württemberg, Ernst von Hammer also included geophysical questions in the institute's work. He also preferred to cultivate the border areas between geodesy and geography. Otto von Gruber , who succeeded him as director of the Geodetic Institute after his death in June 1926 - coming from the Carl Zeiss company in Jena and experienced in the development of geodetic and photogrammetric devices - then introduced photogrammetry into the curriculum.

Ernst von Hammer became known for the Hammer-Aitov projection .

Honors

In 1896 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

Fonts

  • Textbook of plane and spherical trigonometry. (Stuttgart 1885, 2nd edition 1897)
  • About the course of the isogons in central Württemberg. (that. 1886)
  • Prime meridian and world time. (Hamburg 1888)
  • About the geographically most important map projections. (Stuttgart 1889), as a supplement: To the mapping of the earth ellipsoid (das. 1891)
  • Triangulation to connect the Rhenish network with the Bavarian main triangular network. (that. 1892)
  • Time determination (clock control) without instruments. (that. 1893)
  • The logarithmic slide rule and its uses. (das. 1898, 2nd ed. 1902)
  • Astronomical level through Württemberg. (that. 1901)
  • The Hammer-Fennel tachymeter theodolite and the tachymeter tilting rule for immediate staff reading of horizontal distance and height difference. (Published by Konrad Wittwer , Stuttgart 1901)
  • The network designs of geographic maps. (Stuttgart 1887)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.gis.uni-stuttgart.de/institute/history/
  2. ↑ https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz15809.html
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Torge: History of geodesy in Germany. Verlag Walter de Gruyter , Berlin 2009, p. 284.
  4. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 8. Leipzig 1907, pp. 702–703
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Torge: History of geodesy in Germany. Verlag Walter de Gruyter , Berlin 2009, p. 284.
  6. ↑ Member entry of Ernst von Hammer at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 27, 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Hammer, Ernst von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hammer, Ernst Hermann Heinrich von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geodesist
DATE OF BIRTH April 20, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Ludwigsburg
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1925
Place of death Stuttgart