Erythrobacteraceae

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Erythrobacteraceae
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Alphaproteobacteria
Order : Sphingomonadales
Family : Erythrobacteraceae
Scientific name
Erythrobacteraceae
Lee et al., 2005

The Erythrobacteraceae form a family within the Alphaproteobacteria . An important characteristic of these gram-negative bacteria is the formation of sphingolipids . Furthermore, they are capable of heterotrophic photosynthesis .

features

The cells of the various genera and species are diverse, some species are rod-shaped to egg-shaped, and coccoid cells also occur in the Porphyrobacter genus . Pleomorphic cell shapes are also common. Some species, such as Porphyrobacter neustonensis, are motile by flagella . The oxidase and catalase tests are both positive.

The Erythrobacteraceae are widespread. Species of Erythrobacter were found in sea water, Erythromicrobium and Porphyrobacter tepidarius in blue-green algae mats in fresh water.

metabolism

In addition to the aerobic respiratory metabolism (chemoorganotroph), many species are capable of photosynthesis. They are photoheterotrophic , not autotrophic; they need organic substances as a source of carbon. They are unable to fix CO 2 and release oxygen. They have bacteriochlorophyll a and various carotenoids , for example the carotenoid zeaxanthin occurs in Erythrobacter and Erythromicrobium . Aerobic breathing takes place with exclusion of light. Fermentation (fermentation) does not occur.

Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids are present in the outer membranes of the Erythrobacteraceae . These lipids are often found in eukaryotes , especially in cells of the nervous tissue of mammals, but within the prokaryotes they have only been found in a few groups. These groups include the closely related Sphingomonadaceae as well as the bacteroids with species of Bacteroides , Flectobacillus and Sphingobacterium, which are far away in the classification . Sphingolipids are also present in membranes of the genus Mycoplasma of the Gram-positive Firmicutes . The occurrence of lipids can be used for taxonomic classification. The respective sphingolipids are mainly glycosphingolipids , while the Erythrobacteraceae contains the glycosphingolipid glucuronosyl-ceramide.

Systematics

The genus Erythromonas formerly belonging to the Erythrobacteraceae has been transferred to Blastomonas , a genus within the Sphingomonadaceae. All members of the Erythrobacteraceae were previously placed in the family Sphingomonadaceae , in some publications one can still find all genera in the family Sphingomonadacea.

The following is a list of some genera in this family:

swell

  1. ↑ a b c d Eiko Yabuuchi, Yoshimasa Kosako: Order IV. Sphingomonadales . In: George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .
  2. ↑ David L. Balkwill, JK Fredrickson, MF Romine: Sphingomonas and Related Genera. In: Martin Dworkin et al. (Ed.): The Prokaryotes. A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and Epsilon Subclasses. Deeply Rooting Bacteria. Springer, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6 .
  3. ↑ Ingar Olsen, Erik Jantzen: Sphingolipids in Bacteria and Fungi. In: Anaerobe , Volume 7, 2001, pp. 103-112, doi : 10.1006 / anae.2001.0376 .
  4. ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Family Erythrobacteraceae (as of April 24, 2018).

literature

  • Georg Fuchs (Hrsg.): General microbiology , founded by Hans Günter Schlegel . 8th edition, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-13-444608-1 (introductory textbook).
  • Martin Dworkin et al. (Ed.): The Prokaryotes. A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and Epsilon Subclasses. Deeply Rooting Bacteria. Springer, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6 .
  • George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .
  • Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition, Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1 .
  • Walter Reineke, Michael Schlömann: Environmental Microbiology. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8274-1346-8 .
  • Kyung-Bum Lee et al.: The hierarchical system of the 'Alphaproteobacteria': description of Hyphomonadaceae fam. nov., Xanthobacteraceae fam. nov. And Erythrobacteraceae fam. nov. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , Volume 55, 2005, pp. 1907-1919 ( online ).
  • JF Rontani, S. Christodoulou and M. Koblizek: GC-MS Structural Characterization of Fatty Acids from Marine Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria In: Lipids , January 2005, Volume 40, Issue 1, pp. 97-10. doi: 10.1007 / s11745-005-1364-6