Eugen Albert (chemist)

Eugen Albert (born May 16, 1856 in Augsburg , † June 22, 1929 in Munich ) was a German chemist, inventor of reproduction processes and entrepreneur.

Life

Eugen Albert was the son of k. Court photographer Josef Albert and his first wife, Maria Anna, née Deuringer, from Augsburg. In 1858 the parents separated and the father moved his business from Augsburg to Munich.

Eugen Albert passed the Abitur examination at the Munich Maximiliansgymnasium in 1874 , with Theodor Henkel and Max Planck , among others . He then studied physics and chemistry at the Universities of Munich and Heidelberg and received his doctorate. phil. Already the father developed since 1870 to occasionally named after him "Albertype" light pressure on and began with the photographic reproduction of engravings and drawings. He was "the first who practically applied the principle of three-color photographic printing (natural color printing), but without bringing it to perfection". Eugen Albert further developed the process with "isochromatic photography", which enabled photographic reproductions of paintings without changing the color values. In 1885 he introduced " heliogravure " for reproduction printing and in 1886 invented a color-sensitive collodion emulsion. From 1888 he developed "Typogravure" (Albertography), a further development of collotype printing, and "Citrochromie", an autotypical four-color printing process in which the printing plates for yellow, red, blue and black could be printed one after the other without drying the previous print The process was particularly important for the printing of illustrated magazines. To avoid the moiré effect in multi-color printing ; In 1901 he invented the 30-degree angular position of the cross grids for the various color separations and in 1902/04 the "Albert Fischer Galvano" (Albert Fischer process) for the production of "relief clichés", a soft lead matrix for the molding of high-pressure clichés . Eugen Albert acquired numerous patents for his inventions in Germany and the USA: For example, he registered the trademark "Eos" for the collodion emulsion he developed in England.

In 1882 Eugen Albert founded the "Kunst- und Verlagsanstalt Albert & Co." and settled in the area of ​​the Munich city expansion north of the Siegestor. The company, which now also published reproduction graphics and literary works (by Otto Julius Bierbaum , Richard Dehmel , Gustav Falke , Karl Kautsky , Henriette von Poschinger and Josef Ruederer , among others ), was converted into a limited partnership in 1889, the technical management of which was in the hands of Eugen Albert was lying. The publisher Reinhold Loebell took over the commercial management. 1901 opened a branch in Berlin. The publishing bookstore "Schuster & Loeffler" founded in Berlin in 1895 acquired the Munich publishing house "Dr. E. Albert & Co. ”including contracts with around 40 authors.

In 1887 Eugen Albert acquired the right to live in Munich (1889 civil rights) and married Elvira Sophie Reinach (* 1888 Mainz) in Mainz; Son Fritz was born in 1888, son Karl was born in 1889. In 1909 he married the Franco-German painter Lou Lasard ; the couple separated in 1914. The marriage had their daughter Ingeborg, called Ingo de Croux-Albert (1911–1997), who also became a painter.

tomb

Grave of Eugen Albert on the old southern cemetery in Munich location

The grave of Eugen Albert is in the old southern cemetery in Munich (wall right place 15/16 at grave field 2) location . Several members of the Albert family as well as Eugen Albert's father Joseph Albert are in this grave .

Illustrated print editions (selection)

• AG Eberhard: Hannchen and the little cakes: Illustrated by Ludwig von Kramer. Contains 6 heliogravures from the art institute of E. Albert & Co. in Munich. Th. Strasser, Munich (1891)
• Catalog of the painting collection of old masters Real estate owner Heinrich Theodor Höch in Munich: (Edited by Josef Th. Schall. With 77 illustrations after the original - framing in heliogravure, collotype and autotype. Executed by E. Albert & Co.) Auction in Munich, 19 September 1892 and the following days by EA Fleischmann, Heinr. Lempertz Jr. and Jos. Th. Schall: Munich: EA Fleischmann Heinr. Lempertz Jr. Jos. Th. Schall, 1892
• Julius Schaumberger: Konrad Dreher's Schliersee'r farmers theater. A picture of the time and the future. With 7 views of the area and the theater and 13 portraits of Konrad Dreher and the main actors. Dr. E. Albert & Co., Munich 1893
• Max and Moritz in the Glaspalast and in the Secession, 1893. Dr. E. Albert and Co., Munich undated

literature

• The Photographic News: A Weekly Record of the Progress of Photography, Dec. 2, 1887, p. 759 (about the collodion emulsion)
• Guide through the collective book trade exhibition of the German Empire, Chicago 1893. Published by the Central Association for the entire book trade. Edited by Adolf Weigel in Leipzig. With an introduction: Today's book trade in the German Empire by G. Thomael, E. Wiener, D. Schultz-Hencke. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1893, p. 35
• Arthur Freiherr von Hübel: The collodion emulsion and its application for the photographic recording of oil paintings, watercolors, photographic copies and halftone originals of all kinds. W. Knapp; Hall a. P. 1894
• August Theodor Goebel: The graphic arts of the present. A guide to the book industry. Felix Krais, Stuttgart 1895
• "A New Collodion Emulsion" (Dr. E. Albert, of Munich), in: CAMERA CRAFT. A PHOTOGRAPHIC MONTHLY, May, 1903, to November, 1903: San Francisco, California
• Franz Neubert (ed.): German contemporary lexicon. Leipzig, Schulze 1905
• Eugen Albert: On the theory and practice of the metal matrix: [with an appendix Albert contra Fischer]. Self-published, Munich, Berlin 1905
• 40 years of reproductive technology, Dr. E. Albert: 1856-1916; Memorandum: Parcus, Munich 1916
• Fifty years of reproductive technology, Dr. E. Albert: 1876-1926: 2nd exp. Ed., Ed. occasion the anniversary exhibition in honor of his 70th birthday May 26, 1926. Albert, Munich 1926
• Hermann Degener (Ed.): Who is it ?, 9th edition, Leipzig 1928
• Horst Kliemann: "Albert, Eugen". In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 136 f. (Digitized version)
• Werner Ebnet: You lived in Munich: biographies from eight centuries . Allitera Verlag, Munich, 2016, ISBN 978-3-86906-744-5 , p. 51.
• Entry on Eugen Albert in Kalliope (online)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ the marriage was only divorced in 1878; In 1879 Joseph Albert married Pauline Schlosser, who was 17 years his junior in Munich, and adopted her premarital daughter Karoline (* 1866 in Vienna)
2. ^ Franz Häußler: Photography in Augsburg, 1839 to 1900: with a part of the picture from the photo treasures of the Augsburg city archive. Wißner, Augsburg 2004, p. 173.
3. ^ Annual report on the K. Maximilians-Gymnasium in Munich for the school year 1873/74.
4. ↑ from: Guide through the book trade exhibition, Chicago 1893, p. 35.
5. ↑ Ludwig Darmstaedter (ed.): Handbook for the history of natural sciences and technology. Springer, Heidelberg 1908, p. 973.
6. ^ Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs, and Trade-marks, at the Patents Office, zs Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, WC: "Eos": for chemicals (1). By Eugen Albert, Schwabingerlandstrasse 55, Munich. (From the "Trade-marks Journal," January 27, 1909.)
7. ^ Schwabinger Landstrasse 55, since 1891: Leopoldstrasse.
8. ^ Address book Munich 1900: Albert, Jos. artist. Institute for photographic collotype and art publishing kbukruss. Hofkunsthandlung Kaulbachstr, 51a / 0 (Cpt) 51a: RG. (At.) (T.). - Albert, Dr. E. & Co. Münch. Art and Publishing house, Schwabingerlandst. 55. Albert, Dr. Eug. Kunst- und Verlagsanst.-Bes. Bur. Schwabingerlandst. 55, flat. Bruderstr. 1/1 r
9. ↑ Julia Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen: Malwida von Meysenbug and her publishers (...), in: http://www.llb-detmold.de/wir-ueber-uns/aus-unserer-arbeit/texte/2000-1.html ; P. 27.