European tanker
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The Europatankers , also known as Europa tankers, were a series of six identical ULCC tankers. The ships were built between 1974 and 1976 by Bremer Werft AG Weser .
history
Construction and use
The closure of the Suez Canal forced shipping from 1967 to 1975 to make a detour around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa on the routes from the Persian Gulf to Europe or the United States. That led to a flood of tanker construction contracts and an unprecedented growth in size in tanker construction. After Bremen AG “Weser” had already built 250,000-tonne tankers, the largest units ever built by AG “Weser” were built with the six European tankers each carrying 393,000 tons. At the same time, the 175 to 190 million D-Mark ships could come up with further superlatives, the type ship of the series, the Ioannis Colocotronis, was the largest ever built in Europe and the world's largest built in one piece on a slipway and launched into the water abandoned ship. The tanker Bonn of the Bremen shipping company Kosmos Bulkschiffahrt (a subsidiary of Hapag-Lloyd ) was the largest ship under the German flag for a short time after its commissioning on September 27, 1976 until the even larger Esso Deutschland was commissioned on October 6, 1976.
Minos Colocotronis got into financial difficulties during the construction phase of the two European tankers he had commissioned. Although he still accepted both large tankers, in return he canceled two 40,000-ton ships that he and the two ULCCs had ordered from AG "Weser". At the beginning of 1976, due to the large tankers that were unprofitable at the time, it was facing bankruptcy, whereupon the two first European tankers built together with two older 150,000-tonne tankers built by Hitachi were taken over by Hapag-Lloyd. The European tankers were renamed Berlin and Bremen (the smaller units in Bern and Bilbao ) and all four were managed by Kosmos Bulk Shipping. In 1984, Hapag-Lloyd sold Bonn for just 15 million Deutschmarks, the two former Colocotronis tankers Berlin and Bremen followed after the ten-year period in which they were employed in the pool.
Two units fell victim to rocket attacks in the First Gulf War in the mid-1980s . The last Wahran to be built was only around eight years old when it was sold for demolition. On the other hand, the longest, namely until the year 2000, was the first ship built as Ioannis Colocotronis and last operated as a year of venture .
Canceled units
Originally there were three other construction contracts, which were canceled due to the 1973 oil crisis . To compensate for the construction number 1395, which was canceled by Hapag-Lloyd in 1975 and which was commissioned in 1973 together with Bonn , AG "Weser" received the order to build six Seebeck 36L freighters . The Greek shipowner Stavros Niarchos also originally ordered two European tankers. After the World Giant , the acceptance of which was refused upon completion, another ship of the type with the construction number 1396 should have been delivered to Niarchos in 1977. The Arab Maritime Petroleum Transport Company from Kuwait should have received a third European tanker in 1977 with hull number 1398, which was ordered in 1974, but canceled it in 1976.
technology
The ships are designed as pure crude oil tankers in single-hull construction. The deckhouse was located far aft over the engine room. The layout of the ships was developed wider for use in European destination ports than with comparable tankers and therefore with a slightly shallower draft. The ships were mainly used for the transport of crude oil from the Persian Gulf to Europe - later other shipping areas and uses were added, for example as FPSOs . The ships had 10 middle tanks, 14 side tanks and 2 deep tanks for the cargo and two side tanks for ballast water. The load capacity was around 393,000 tons, the cargo tank volume around 475,000 cubic meters. Four Worthington main oil pumps, each with a capacity of 5000 cubic meters per hour, and a residual pump were available for cargo handling. The equipment included an inert gas system and a fire extinguishing system. The Manifold with two derricks of 2 tons, two derricks of 20 tons and two cranes à 5 tons was placed slightly abaft than amidships.
The propulsion of the ships consisted of a steam turbine with an output of 45,000 hp, which gave its power to the individual fixed propellers via a reduction gear and enabled a speed of around 16 knots . The majority of the ships received turbines from General Electric AG "Weser"; the World Giant , in contrast to this, received a UL-450 turbine from the manufacturer Kawasaki . Furthermore, one, sometimes two turbo-generators as well as an auxiliary diesel were available.
The ships
| Europatanker type | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Building name | Build number | IMO number | Launch | Commissioning | Client | Renaming and whereabouts | ||
| Ioannis Colocotronis | 1390 | 7360863 | November 10, 1974 | January 31, 1975 | Viavela Armadora SA, Panama | 1976 Berlin , 1986 Sapphire , 1995 Serenity , 1996 years Venture , scrapped in Chittagong from July 27, 2000 | ||
| Vassiliki Colocotronis | 1391 | 7360875 | March 8, 1975 | July 11, 1975 | Pansegura Armadora SA, Panama | 1976 Bremen , 1983 Klelia , 1986 White Rose , converted to FPSO in 1992 , scrapped at K.Azmeer Steel in Chittagong from October 27, 1996 | ||
| World Giant | 1392 | 7360887 | August 8, 1975 | 1976 | Chesham Shipping Company, Monrovia (Niarchos Group) | Not accepted by the client and sold by the shipyard as Brazilian Hope in 1976 , Damavand in 1986 , scrapped in Alang from November 11, 1994 | ||
| Shat-Alarab | 1393 | 7360899 | 15th December 1975 | 1976 | Arab Maritime Petroleum Transport Company, Kuwait | 1984 Minotaur , on December 3, 1984 on a ballast voyage from Fujairah Kharg, about 40 nautical miles from Kharg at position 28.35 ° N; 050.17 ° E hit by an Iraqi Exocet missile, killing three crew members. Ship towed to Dubai and declared a constructive total loss. Arrived on March 8, 1985 in tow for demolition at First Copper & Iron in Kaohsiung | ||
| Bonn | 1394 | 7361154 | May 26, 1976 | September 27, 1976 | Kosmos Bulkschiffahrt, Bremen (Hapag-Lloyd) | 1984 Boni , 1984 M. Vatan , on July 9, 1985 on the voyage from Kharg to Sirri at position 27.32 ° N; 051.20 ° E hit by an Iraqi Exocet missile. The cargo was later unloaded and the ship declared a constructive total loss. Arrived at National Ship Demolition in Kaohsiung for demolition on May 10, 1986, and scrapped there from January 23, 1987 | ||
| True | 1397 | 7412214 | 4th December 1976 | February 1977 | Arab Maritime Petroleum Transport Company, Kuwait | scrapped in Kaohsiung on July 31, 1985 | ||
literature
- Pöpsel, Konrad; Enders, Horst: Report 1391 FEM 2 - Yard No. 1390 - AGW "Europe" tanker 386 000 tdw . Hull Structural Analysis by Means of Finite Element Techniques. second expanded and revised ed. Aktien-Gesellschaft "Weser", Bremen September 1974.
- Brennecke, Jochen: Tanker: From the petroleum clipper to the super tanker . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1975, ISBN 3-7822-0066-7 , p. 233/234 .
- Germanischer Lloyd (Ed.): Activity report 1976 . Self-published, Hamburg 1976, p. 40/41 .
- Stewart, IG: The World's Super Ships . 1965-1980. IGS Marine Publishers, Perth 1980.
- TTS "Bonn" - the largest ship under the German flag . In: Hansa . Vol. 113, No. September 19 , 1976, p. 1640-1642 .
- Hapag-Lloyd tanker "Bonn" from AG "Weser" - new flagship for the German merchant fleet . In: Ship & Harbor . Vol. 28, SMM Special, September 1976, pp. 854 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Up, up and away in Der Spiegel No. 31/77 of July 25, 1977
- ↑ Dry tongue in Der Spiegel No. 3/76 of January 12, 1976
- ↑ Like a will-o'-the-wisp in Der Spiegel No. 7/1986 of February 10, 1986
- ↑ Entry at Auke Visser (English)
- ↑ Entry at Auke Visser (English)
- ↑ Entry at Auke Visser (English)
- ↑ a b Entry at Auke Visser (English)
- ↑ Entry at Auke Visser (English)