Eva Gonzalès

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Eva Gonzalès, photograph around 1870

Eva Gonzalès (* 19th April 1847 in Paris ; † 5. May 1883 ibid) was a French painter of Impressionism .

Life

At the age of 16 she began her training as a draftsman and painter in 1865 in the studio of the painter Charles Chaplin , who had only female students. After an education at the state art academies was women denied until the late 19th century.

In 1869 she moved into her own studio. Through Alfred Stevens she met Édouard Manet in 1869 , whose only student she became. Manet's portrait of Eva Gonzalès was also created during this period . Here she is shown sitting at the easel in front of a flower still life. In 1870 she submitted the painting The Hornist for the first time to the Paris Salon , where it was successfully received. The painting shows, like many of Gonzales's paintings from this period, the influence of Manet's work. Dark colors initially shaped her palette and a strong light-dark contrast characterized these early works. The horn player is her artistic response to Manet's painting Der Pfeifer . In the following years she repeatedly took part in the Paris Salon.

Eva Gonzalès grew up in a family with a musical disposition. Her father Emmanuel Gonzalès, who had Spanish ancestors, was a writer and the Belgian mother a musician. In the living room of the family wrong Théodore de Banville and Philippe Jourde, the director of the newspaper Siècle .

During the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune , Eva Gonzalès stayed in Dieppe , where she devoted herself to landscape painting. From 1872 she developed her own style and her pictures became increasingly colorful. Although Eva Gonzalès is generally assigned to Impressionism, she, like her teacher Manet, did not take part in any of the group exhibitions of the Impressionists. She preferred subjects from everyday life. Interiors with women were particularly appealing to her, and she took her models like many painters from close family circle, often her sister Jeanne.

She often portrayed women in her paintings. In addition, some still lifes and landscapes were created. In addition to her success at the Paris Salon, she also received positive reviews from Zacharie Astruc and Émile Zola .

In 1879 she married the engraver and graphic artist Henri Guérard, who was friends with Manet . Eva Gonzalès died very early at the age of 36 on May 5, 1883 from an embolism in childbed after the birth of a son. She had only found out about Manet's death five days before the birth and regretted not being able to attend his funeral.

Works (selection)

  • Eva Gonzalès: The horn player , 1869–1870

  • Eva Gonzalès: Dieppe Beach 1871

  • Eva Gonzalès: Lodge in the Théârtre des Italiens , 1874

  • Eva Gonzalès: Woman in Yellow and White, 1876

  • Eva Gonzalès: Roses in a Glass , around 1880–1882

  • Eva Gonzalès: The cleaning woman , 1880–1882

literature

  • Marianne Delafond: Les femmes impressionnistes: Mary Cassatt, Eva Gonzalès, Berthe Morisot . Paris 1993 ISBN 2-85047-227-1 .
  • Clarisse Nicoïdski: The great female painters: female art from the beginning to the present . Frankfurt am Main 1999 ISBN 3-518-39450-9 .
  • Ingrid Pfeiffer (Ed.): Impressionists . Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7757-2078-6 .
  • Marie-Caroline Sainsaulieu, Jacques de Mons: Eva Gonzalès: 1849 - 1883; étude critique et catalog raisonné . Paris 1990 ISBN 2-85047-115-0

Web links

Commons : Eva Gonzalès  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The year of birth 1849, incorrectly stated several times on the internet and in the literature, mostly refers to the catalog raisonné of Marie-Caroline Sainsaulieu, Jacques de Mons from 1990. This error was explained and the correct date of birth was given as 1847 in Ingrid Pfeiffer (ed. ): Impressionists, p. 206.
personal data
SURNAME Gonzalès, Eva
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guérard, Eva
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French painter
DATE OF BIRTH April 19, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH May 5, 1883
Place of death Paris