Evangelical Church (Ebhausen)

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Tower and nave Ebhausen

The Evangelical Church in Ebhausen is a neo-Gothic building erected between 1860 and 1862 in Ebhausen , district of Calw . The local parish is part of the Calw-Nagold church district of the Evangelical State Church in Württemberg .

Year on the tower
Württemberg coat of arms on the tower
Inscription on the tower

Church history of Ebhausen

The Evangelical Church in Ebhausen, consecrated to the Mother of God in the pre-Reformation period (" Our Lady " already mentioned around 1400), had a large parish in the Middle Ages, it included the places Rohrdorf (near Nagold ), Berneck , Pfrondorf , Gaugenwald , Ebershardt , Wart , Martinsmoos , Zwerenberg , Hornberg , Neuweiler , Oberweiler , Aichhalden , Hofstett , Hünerberg , Aichelberg and Nonnenmiß . This large parish is an indication that Ebhausen was a starting point for the clearing and settlement of the Black Forest in the early Middle Ages. The church set was given to the Kniebis monastery by the Counts of Hohenberg in 1305 , then to the Order of St. John in Rohrdorf in 1318 , who owned it until the Reformation was implemented in 1568. In a document dated December 1, 1295, a “C. the Kilcherre von Ebehusen and sine suone ”, a church lord with the first letter of his name“ C ”. He owned the church set. On May 20, 1286, the “viceplebanus”, the people's priest , was also a witness of a document in Ebehusen. The oldest known mention of Ebhausen is also related to the Ebhausen clergy. In 1275 Ebhausen is mentioned as ("Ebehusen") for the first time in the " Liber decimationis " of the Diocese of Constance .

Excavations inside the church in 1962

In 1961 and 1962, extensive excavations were carried out in the Ebhaus church by the State Office for Monument Preservation (Tübingen branch), as the interior was to be extensively redesigned. The foundation walls of three previous buildings were exposed. The oldest foundation shows a small hall church from Carolingian times. One result was the long suspected assumption that the massive, well-fortified tower served as a defensive tower, and it can also be assumed that it was initially an independent facility. In connection with the immediately adjacent " Mannlehen " of the Wetzel von Ebhausen, an earlier tower castle is quite conceivable. Of the excavation finds, a grave in the chancel of the second church (donor grave) and a (presumed) reliquary container are particularly noteworthy. The floor plans of these churches are clearly shown on a relief panel in the tower.

Tower and nave

The burial site around the former church was abandoned in 1839 and construction of a larger church began. When the old church was demolished in 1860, the massive tower was preserved and was raised by one floor in 1862, as the new nave was wider and higher than its predecessor. The tower is considered the landmark of Ebhausen. The nave is accessed through the tower entrance in the west. The tower is structured on the outside with cornices and includes a hall-like ground floor. Only its new, upper floor was provided with neo-Gothic pointed arched windows, the lower floors have old, loopholes-like openings. The lower vestibule has a simple Gothic vault. Findings from excavations on the tower base date back to the High Middle Ages. The date 1433 is carved to the right of the entrance, but the tower is definitely much older. To the left of the entrance is a carved coat of arms with the three Württemberg antlers. Another inscription is in the front wall in the left corner of the outer wall of the tower. The inscription is in Gothic capital letters written in Latin: "EST STRUCTURA INCEPTA AO DOMINI MILLESUMO ... IMO". The latter could be interpreted as 1401, 1407 or 1430: in German: "Construction began in the year of the Lord Thousand ...".

The current nave was built between 1860 and 1862. The tendencies in Protestant church building of the 19th century, which were then laid down in the Eisenach regulation of 1861, were already applied during the planning for Ebhausen. The hall church was built accordingly in the neo-Gothic style with a retracted choir and a three-sided gallery. In contrast to earlier Gothic churches with slender, high nave windows, which were spanned inside by the galleries, i.e. not divided, the rows of windows here were laid out on two floors. The radical interior redesign of the church in 1962 under the Stuttgart architect Werner Hermann Riethmüller and the artistic and creative direction of Professor Rudolf Yelin the Elder. J. removed the galleries (the west organ gallery was structurally detached from the side walls) and closed the windows on the ground floor. Yelin also had the mural on the choir arch, created by himself thirty years earlier (left: healing of the sick, Sermon on the Mount; right: quadruple field, fig tree without fruits) painted over in favor of a new chancel design.

In 2019 the interior of the church was renovated and a new lighting concept was implemented in the chancel.

Furnishing

Chancel and west gallery

In 1962, in the choir, Rudolf Yelin placed a filigree, permeable wall made of molded concrete, with the corpus of the risen and blessing Christ in the center, between his non-representational colored glazing of the east window and the altar he designed as the rear wall of the choir. Corresponding to this, the parapet of the same material on the west gallery received four evangelist symbols as an insert. The molded parts were created by Yelin's students at the State Art Academy in Stuttgart.

Stained glass

The strong colors of Rudolf Yelin's choir window enliven the transparent choir wall in front of it. The restrained glazing of the upper nave windows and the colored east gable rosette come from Erich Schwarz from Nagold. When the decision was made to reactivate the six bricked-up lower nave windows, the Stuttgart glass artist Adolf Valentin Saile created lead glass windows in 1986 with the Works of Mercy, the parable of the fourfold field and three baptismal and water stories.

Epitaphs

In the lower part of the tower there are three grave epitaphs that were originally in front of the main altar. When the old church was demolished in 1860, they were removed and initially found a new place on the south and north sides of the old tower. They are now set up in the tower entrance area.

  • The first epitaph has no name and no year, the inscription is weathered and heavily worn. However, a chalice with a host and a missal can be recognized, which suggests a tomb of a clergyman from the pre-Reformation period. In addition to the depicted attributes of a clergyman, there is also a kind of baking shovel. The clergyman's family name could be indicated here.
  • The second epitaph, also heavily weathered, contains an inscription: "ANNO DM MCCCCLI ... SANCTIS MICHABELIS TERCIA DIE OBIIT JOHANNES ... TETUS IN EBHUSEN CUIUS AIA REQUIESCAT IN PACE" in German: "In the year of the Lord 1451 died on the eve of St. Michael Johannes ... in Ebhausen, whose soul rests in peace ”. This grave slab was previously called that of a clergyman Johannes. The remainder of the word "... TETUS" in the inscription can best be added to "SCULTETUS" that is, Schultheiss.
  • The third epitaph can be precisely determined. A lily cross is framed by an all-round inscription in Gothic capitals. It reads: "ANNO MCCCLXV.OB.KATHAERINA.DE.HORNBERG.XVI.KALENDAE.OCTOBRIS." In German: "In the year of the Lord 1365 Katharina von Hornberg died on October 16". Before the Reformation there were two benefices to St. Nicholas and St. Catherine in Ebhausen . The central burial of Katharina von Hornberg gives reason to see it as the founder of the Katharinenpfründe.

  • 1. Epitaph of a clergyman

  • 2. Epitaph of John the mayor

  • 3. Epitaph of Katharina von Hornberg

Bells

Bell from the 14th century in the church tower of the Evangelical Church in Ebhausen

Ebhausen has one of the oldest bells in Württemberg, which is classified in the 14th century. This bell bears the names of the four evangelists on the upper rim of the hood in unjoined, partly out of line, partly incorrectly placed Gothic capitals, so-called uncial letters : S. LUCAS, S. MARCUS, S. JOHANNES, S. MATEUS and below: MICH GOSE GECEPHRIT VON TRODELVINGEN the reference to the bell founder: Götzfried von Trochtelfingen poured me . This master is only known through the Ebhausen bell. The bell is tuned to b '.

A bell broke from the rest of the bells in 1712 and was replaced in 1714. Damage was discovered in the next year and it was poured over again. In 1788 two new bells were manufactured by the Neubert bell foundry in Ludwigsburg. In 1856 the smallest bell was replaced by a new one from the Heinrich Kurtz bell foundry in Stuttgart. This bell fell victim to the First World War , was replaced again in 1924 and melted down together with the bell from 1788 for weapons during World War II . In 1950 and 1954, the bell was completed again. The bell from 1950 bears the inscription: Jesus Christ yesterday and today and the same forever and a crucifix on top. The bell from 1954: It is our peace and a cross flanked by a Greek A and O. Both bells also come from the Heinrich Kurtz bell foundry in Stuttgart. The bells are matched to as 'and des'. On May 1, 1988, the ringing was extended to include a fourth bell. It was poured by the Bacher bell foundry in Heilbronn and bears the inscription: Praise the Lord my soul and don't forget what he has done you good . The bell is tuned to the tone f '.

Research on the tower of the Evangelical Church

The findings on the church and tower are largely the result of intensive research by Friedrich Heinz Schmidt (1902–1971), folklorist and local researcher.

literature

  • Friedrich Heinz Schmidt-Ebhausen: 1455–1955 - A year of remembrance for the church in Ebhausen , with 6 photos by the author, special print from Schwäbische Heimat, published by the Schwäbischer Heimatbund, 1955. Issue 4.
  • Friedrich Heinz Schmidt-Ebhausen: A thousand years like a day . Festschrift for the centenary and inauguration of the renewed Evangelical Parish Church in Ebhausen. Ebhausen 1963.
  • Werther Schneider and Brigitte Schneider: Churches in and around Nagold ; ed. Ev. Nagold Church District, Tübingen 1993, page 33
  • Hans Bubser: The history of the Evangelical Church in Ebhausen ; Ebhausen 1997 - available as PDF in [1]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the Evangelical Church Community Ebhausen
  2. ↑ The Kingdom of Württemberg - a description by districts, regional offices and municipalities - second volume "Black Forest District". Published by the Royal Statistical Office. Stuttgart 1905.
  3. ↑ Wirttemberg, Urkundenbuch, Volume 9, 1907, p. 80, No. 3538.
  4. ↑ "Liber decimationis cleri Constanciensis pro Papa de anno 1275" In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive 1, 1875.
  5. ↑ Calwer District News on September 11 1968th
  6. ↑ product to the Calwer District News September 11 1968th
  7. ^ Karl Kempf - essay on the history of Ebhausen, Ebhausen November 19, 1985
  8. ^ Rudolf Yelin: The new interior of the church ; in: Heinz Schmidt: A thousand years like a day - Festschrift for the centenary and inauguration of the renewed Evangelical Parish Church in Ebhausen; ed. Ev. Parish office Ebhausen in the Black Forest, Altensteig 1963, p. 15 f
  9. ^ Claudia Lamprecht: Rudolf Yelin (1902-1991): catalog raisonné of the building-related works ; o. O. (Stuttgart), o. J. (1991), p. 25 f
  10. ↑ a b c 1455–1955 - A year of remembrance for the Ebhausen Church by Dr. Friedrich Heinz Schmidt, Ebhausen - special print from Schwäbische Heimat 1955, H. 4.
  11. ^ Sigrid Thurm - German Bell Atlas Vol. 1 Württemberg and Hohenzollern, Deutscher Kunstverlag (1959), p. 275.
  12. ↑ Article in the circle News on May 2, 1988th

Coordinates: 48 ° 35 ′ 1.4 "  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 53.9"  E