Gaugenwald
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Gaugenwald
community Neuweiler
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| Height : | 633 m |
| Area : | 3.54 km² |
| Residents : | 150 |
| Population density : | 42 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 75389 |
| Area code : | 07055 |
The Waldhufendorf Gaugenwald is a district of Neuweiler in the northern Black Forest . Mentioned for the first time in 1139, it lost its independence in 1975 and currently has around 150 inhabitants.
construction
In the center of the village there is a central group of buildings consisting of the church, the town hall and the former schoolhouse. The other farmsteads are grouped around the outside at some distance, with the entire village being enclosed by a ring road . The individual hooves are also arranged in a circle, so that Gaugenwald corresponds to the settlement type of a round forest hoof village .
The inhabited area is surrounded by forest, which makes up 55% of the local area, and is crossed by the Bruderbach, which turns into a gorge at the Bruderhaus in Berneck . Gaugenwald is particularly known for the annual flowering of star flowers on the meadows in the area. There is also a game reserve on the edge of the forest in the east of the village.
The eastern part of the neighboring village of Zwerenberg (east of the Grenzweg) with the name Aisbach has always belonged to Gaugenwald, even if it is separated from it by a forest. The border runs right through the company premises and is also the reason that the cemetery, which is located near Zwerenberg in terms of settlement, is included in Gaugenwald.
history
Foundation and early history
The first written mention of the place took place in 1139 as “Gugenwaldt” in the “ Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch ”, where Pope Innocent II certified the possession of various places, including Gaugenwald, to Abbot Johannes von St. Georgen . It is assumed, however, that it was founded as an expansion site as part of the first clearing phase of the Black Forest at the instigation of the Counts of Calw and the Counts of Nagold around 1000. Berneck and Ebhausen can be considered as mother communities . There is evidence of a chapel or church in today's Gaugenwald area as early as 1080, which was probably not built into the forest for no reason, but rather indicates that settlement has already taken place. In a document from 1179, Pope Alexander III confirmed . the monastery again the possession of Gaugenwald. Karl Kempf assumed that the "Gugenwaldt" mentioned in these documents was a different place, but this was refuted by Hansmartin Ungericht.
As at the time of the first mention, Gaugenwald was owned by the St. Georgen Monastery in the 12th and 13th centuries, but over the course of time it passed to various smaller owners. In the following centuries it was closely associated with the Berneck family. Around 1400 it came from its possession to the noble family Validlingen , who also made Berneck Castle their residence.
Ecclesiastical and territorial history
The simple church in the middle of the village already formed a center of the village in the Middle Ages. This can also be seen from the fact that the living areas of all houses face the church. Gaugenwald belonged to the parish in Ebhausen, which looked after numerous localities in the area with three priests, and with this passed from St. Georgen to the Commandery Rohrdorf in 1318 . In the 1480s there were conflicts about the ecclesiastical independence of some places belonging to Ebhausen, which were settled with an agreement on November 18, 1489. With the following division of the Sprengels Gaugenwald came to the parish of Zwerenberg. Since Gaugenwald was the only place in the parish district that belonged to the von giltlings, the residents enjoyed some privileges: They did not have to go to Zwerenberg for confession, but the pastor came to Gaugenwald. Because Balthasar von Validlingen , whose possession Gaugenwald belonged at the beginning of the 16th century, resolutely promoted the Reformation, the village became Protestant at an early stage, after some difficulties had arisen because the pastor of Zwerenberg was a staunch Catholic and practical implementation was therefore successful difficult crafted.
On November 11, 1669, Duke Eberhard III bought. von Württemberg for 8000 guilders the places Gaugenwald and Garrweiler by Sybille Felicitas Schertlin von Burtenbach, née von Remchingen. In 1753, in exchange for Peffingen and Deufringen, they were returned to the von Validlingen family and thus belonged to the knightly canton of Neckar-Black Forest . With a command of Napoleon then of 19 December 1805 came in the wake of the territorial reform back to the to Wuerttemberg belonging Oberamt Nagold . In addition to the traditionally existing Protestant parish, an old Pietist community was formed during this time , which was followed by a Pregizer community in the 1840s .
20th century
In 1898 Gaugenwald was connected to the drinking water supply, and in 1904 a telegraph was set up. In 1910 and 1911, 18 houses were supplied with electricity and in the 1960s, electrification was once again strongly promoted, with Gaugenwald representing an "electrical test village" in the Black Forest. In 1934, which was marked by exceptional drought, a well was built, which was later called "Hindenburgbrunnen". In 1974 street lighting was organized and the road network was paved. Up until the 20th century, Gaugenwald was characterized by agriculture and forestry , and reports emphasized the extremely good economic situation of the village several times. Since then, however, it has increasingly turned into a residential community, in which the above-mentioned industries still play a role. There is also tourism, with more than 5000 overnight stays per year in some cases.
20 residents of Gaugenwald were drafted for the First World War . During the Second World War , in which the village had eight casualties, 15 prisoners of war came to Gaugenwald and worked for the local farmers. On April 16, 1945 there was a shooting between invading French and retreating German soldiers. At the instigation of the village community, mayor Michael Wurster, who had been in office since 1932, was left in office during the French occupation and was able to carry this out until 1949.
During the district reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Gaugenwald came to the Calw district in 1938 .
On January 1, 1975, Gaugenwald merged with Agenbach, Breitenberg, Neuweiler, Oberkollwangen and Zwerenberg to form the Neuweiler community.
coat of arms
The description of the coat of arms reads: “Split, in front in blue on a golden oak branch growing out of the crack, a naturalistic cuckoo turned to the right; in the back two green fir trees on green ground in gold. "
The coat of arms, which Gaugenwald was awarded on June 16, 1948, is a " speaking coat of arms " and refers to the place name, which is possibly derived from the dialect name "Gauch" / "Gaug" for cuckoo. Other theories say that the name is derived from a person's name, but this should in turn refer to the cuckoo.
Buildings
Church and cemetery
- Church: Little is known about the layout of the medieval church. In 1688 it burned down either completely or at least partially after invading French set it on fire as part of the War of the Palatinate Succession . The sources provide two information about the year of the reconstruction, 1689 and 1699. During this reconstruction, the Romanesque style of the 11th century with a simple bell tower was retained. The baroque pulpit of the hall church rests on a wooden pillar on which one can still see traces of the fire of 1688. Its floral painting, which was exposed in 1961/62, dates from the 17th century. During the above-mentioned renovation in the early 1960s, the old arched window , which had been walled up for a long time, was reopened and other elements of the interior ( baptismal font , table for favor , crucifix , stalls , floor) were redesigned. According to the inscription, the bell of the church dates from the time before the destruction, more precisely the year 1600. The building is owned by the municipality, but the type of acquisition is not known even in the land register. Today the church is the smallest village church in Baden-Württemberg, where services are regularly held.
- Cemetery: For a long time, the Gaugenwald corpses were buried in Ebhausen, as the parish was located there. But especially in times with a high death rate (e.g. plague epidemics) the long way there was a great burden, so that in the 15th century the establishment of a separate cemetery was required. In the course of the disputes about the church affiliation Gaugenwalds, this was achieved by a decree of Pope Pius II on June 9, 1483. The new “plague cemetery” was created in the forest near the old St. Leonhards chapel. How long it served its purpose is not known, because in later centuries the Gaugenwalder dead were buried in the cemetery in Zwerenberg. When a new place was sought in 1835 due to the unfavorable location of the local cemetery and the unpleasant smell it caused, it was found in an area on the road to Martinsmoos, which belongs to the village of Gaugenwald and where the old plague cemetery had been located centuries earlier. In 1963, this common cemetery of Zwerenberg and Gaugenwald passed into the administration of the two communities.
Profane buildings
- School and town hall: From 1753 there was a schoolmaster in Gaugenwald. A first school building was built in 1825, but it was demolished after two decades. In its place, a two-story building has now been erected, which not only served as a classroom, but also as a town hall and was supplemented by a barn. In 1878 the school hall was enlarged; In 1902, the barn was finally replaced by an independent town hall, so that the school and the municipal administration now each had their own building. In 1914 the schoolhouse was rebuilt again. In 1966 Gaugenwald joined the Neuweiler School Association, for which a school house was built in 1972. The Gaugenwald school was shut down. In 1973 the old Pietist community bought the building as the center for the Nagold room and the community caretaker's house; today it only serves as a residential building. The town hall deteriorated in the decades after it lost its independence. It was only after the turn of the millennium that it was established by a working group, which in 2010 became the association “Gaugenwald e. V. ”emerged, again prepared for various purposes.
- Parish hall: In 1964 a parish hall was built which, in addition to two apartments, also contained a slaughterhouse, a fire department store and a milk collection point and next to which a playground was laid out. Today it still serves as a building for the fire brigade.
literature
- Ewald Kübler (ed.): 850 years of Gaugenwald - 100 years of the fire brigade. Liebenzeller Mission, Bad Liebenzell 1989.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on Gaugenwald on neuweiler.de
- ↑ Royal State Archives Stuttgart (ed.): Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch , Vol. 2. Karl Aue (Franz Köhler's bookstore), Stuttgart 1858, pp. 10-12 (online at Wikisource : p. 10 , p. 11 , p. 12 ).
- ↑ See Gaugenwald's first documented mention on gaugenwald.de
- ↑ Ewald Kübler (ed.): 850 years Gaugenwald - 100 years of the fire brigade. Liebenzeller Mission, Bad Liebenzell 1989, p. 18.
