Evrenus

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The tomb of Evrenos in Jenidsche in the early 20th century
The tomb in 2008 after its restoration

Ewrenos ( Greek Εβρενός Evrenos even Ἀβρανέζης Avranézis , Βρανέζης Vranézis , Βρανεύς Vranéfs , Βρενέζ Vrenéz , Βρενέζης Vrenézis or Βρενές Vrenés ;. Died 17th November 1417 in Yenice-i Vardar ) was an Ottoman military commander, as a general under Suleyman Pasha , Murad I. , Bayezid I. , Süleyman Çelebi and Mehmed I. worked.

A Greek legend that has survived to this day says that Evrenos' father was called Ornos and was a renegade Byzantine governor of Prousa , who defected first to the Ottomans , and after the siege of Prousa in 1326 to the Karasids . He was also known as Isa Bey Prangi and was buried in the village of Prangi (Ottoman Sırcık or Kırcık ), a busy ferry port on the Evros River , about 6 km east of Dimetoka . Stanford J. Shaw and Joseph von Hammer consider Ewrenus to be a Byzantine who converted from Christianity to Islam .

Ewrenos was originally a noble dignitary - a bey in the principality of Karesi , who only joined the Ottomans after the conquest of this beylik in 1345. He led several campaigns by the Ottomans in Bulgaria , Thessaly , Serres and Serbia . After taking part in the conquest of Adrianople , he was appointed uc beği (front warlord) of Thessaly. He and his Akindschis fought in the Battle of the Blackbird Field in 1389 and in the one at Nicopolis in 1396. Evrenus conquered Keschan , Ipsala , Komotini , Feres , Iskece , Maroneia , Serres , Monastir and in 1397 Corinth . He founded the city of Yenice-i Vardar , today Giannitsa or Vardar Yenicesi . The Greek residents of Yenice Vardar showed a reverence for the Gazi Baba , as Evrenos was called, until the early 20th century .

Evrenos had seven sons (Chidr-Shah, Isa, Suleyman, Ali , Yakub, Barak, Begdje) and several daughters. Together with the Mihaloğlus (from the Karasi “ Beylik ”), the Malkoçoğlus (from Serbia), the Ömerli / Ömeroğlus and the Turahanoğlus, the descendants of Ewrenos' (Evrenosoğlus) belong to the Byzantine families who formed the early Ottoman warrior nobility.

The stories and legends spread about Ewrenos would suggest a lifespan of 129 years, which is considered very unlikely. Evrenos died of old age in Yenice-i Vardar and was buried in the local mausoleum ( Türbe ) in 1417. The mausoleum with its epitaph still exists today, but was badly disfigured in the 19th century and served as a storage for some time.

As one of the most successful Ottoman commanders, Ewrenos amassed a great deal of wealth and established several foundations ( awqaf ) . Some monuments are still scattered around Southeast Europe today. One, donated by Ewrenos Hammām is south of the mausoleum, in Greek Thrace are still a Imaret (public soup kitchen and mosque, in Gümülcine / Komotini) and Chan ( caravanserai in Ilıca / Loutra).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b I. Mélikoff: Evrenos . In: Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2nd Edition. tape II . EJ Brill, Leiden 1991, p. 720 .
  2. ^ A b Steven W. Reinert: Evrenos . In: Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . tape 2 . Oxford University Press , = New York / Oxford 1991, p. 765 .
  3. ↑ P. Voutierides, "Neai Ellenikai Poleis-Yenitsa" Panathenia 25 (1912-13), pp 210th
  4. ↑ a b c Vasilis Demetriades: The Tomb of Ghāzī Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription . In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . 39, No. 2, 1976, ISSN  0041-977X , pp. 328-332. doi : 10.1017 / S0041977X00050023 .
  5. ^ Stanford J. Shaw: History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  6. ↑ Joseph von Hammer: History of the Ottoman Empire. Second improved edition Vol. I - IV. Hartleben, Pesth 1836. (Serbo-Croatian edition by Nerkez Smailagić. Zagreb, 1979.)
  7. ↑ Machiel Kiel : Yenice Vardar (Vardar Yenicesi-Giannitsa): A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century. in: Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3. (1973): 303.
  8. ↑ I. Melikoff: Evrenos Oghullari . In: Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2nd Edition. tape II . EJ Brill, Leiden 1991, p. 720 .
  9. ↑ Machiel Kiel, “The Oldest Monuments of Ottoman-Turkish Architecture in the Balkans: The Imaret and the Mosque of Ghazi Evrenos Bey in Gümülcine (Komotini) and the Evrenos Bey Khan in the Village of Ilıca / Loutra in Greek Thrace” Sanat Tarihi Yıllıġı , Kunsthistorische Forschungen 12 (Istanbul, 1983): pp. 117-138.
personal data
SURNAME Evrenus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Εβρενός; Evrenós; Ἀβρανέζης; Avranézis; Βρανέζης; Vranézis; Βρανεύς; Vranefs; Βρενέζ; Vrenéz; Βρενέζης; Vrenézis; Βρενές; Vrenés
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman military commander and general
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH November 17, 1417
Place of death Yenice-i Vardar