Félix Guattari

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Pierre-Félix Guattari (born April 30, 1930 in Villeneuve-les-Sablons , † August 29, 1992 in Paris ) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst .

resume

Guattari grew up under relatively secure conditions in a working-class suburb of Paris, was influenced early on by the ideas of institutional pedagogy and around 1950 chose rapidly developing psychiatry as his subject. During this time he was strongly influenced by the work of Jacques Lacan , whose analysand he was until 1960, although he approached his theoretical elaborations with a certain distance. The numerous political activities and engagements that characterized the 50s and 60s culminated in the founding of the FGERI ( Fédération des groupes d'études et de recherches institutionalelles ) and the magazine Recherches in 1965 , and in the active participation in the May Events of 1968 ( Daniel Cohn-Bendit , Jean-Jacques Lebel , Julian Beck and others met regularly from March 1968 onwards at the FGERI ). In the context of these revolutionary processes, he met Gilles Deleuze at the University of Paris VIII in Vincennes : a decisive encounter for both of them. Four famous books resulted from the collaboration with Deleuze:

  • Anti-Oedipus (1972, German 1974)
  • Kafka. For a little literature (1975, German 1976)
  • A thousand plateaus (1980, German 1992)
  • What is philosophy (1991, German 1996)

Also with Deleuze, he founded the magazine chimères in 1987 , which, like Recherches , opened up not only to philosophy and psychiatry, but also to mathematics, ethnology, psychoanalysis, architecture, education and other subject areas.

Subjectivity and anti-psychiatric movement

Félix Guattari's big topic - and the theoretical background for the important role he played in the anti-psychiatric movement - was the question of subjectivity : “How can it be created, grasped, enriched and continuously reinvented, and in a way that can be made compatible with the changing universes of values? How can you work on your liberation, that is, on your re-singularization? All disciplines must pool their creativity in order to heal the wounds of barbarism ... «. The starting point for answering these questions, to which the last two books (see below) written by Guattaris alone are dedicated, is the fundamental thesis from the Anti-Oedipus, namely that delirium and madness »the unconscious introduction of a historical-social Field «are. Its methodological foundations are the concept of the dream machine and the technique of schizoanalysis .

Ecosophy

Like Arne Næss , Guattari also shaped a meaning for the expression ecosophy in his work The Three Ecologies . One inspiration for Guattari was Gregory Bateson's concept of the ecology of the mind . Guattari understands ecosophy as "an ethical-political connection between the three areas of the environment, social relationships and human subjectivity". This ecosophy is less about a specific philosophy than about an area of practice . Accordingly, it aims at ecologically enlightened action that takes into account the social sphere in the sense of the Marxist paradigm of social revolution. Guattari sharply criticizes what he calls “Worldwide Integrated Capitalism” and states: “[E] s will only give a real answer to the ecological crisis on a planetary scale, and only if there is an authentic political, social and cultural revolution that realigns the goals of the production of material and immaterial goods. "

According to Guattari, traditional environmental protection does not do justice to the complexity of human-nature relationships (see also social relations to nature ). In particular, the dualism of cultural (human) and natural (non-human) systems will be retained. Ecosophy opposes a monistic and pluralistic approach at the same time . Ecosophy examines the close links between complex phenomena, including the relationships between human subjectivity, the environment, and social relationships. Guattari is unable to identify uniform recipes or even clear psychoanalytical methods for solving ecological problems, but rather relies on "innovative [e] practices and alternative experiments" and "promoting an affective and pragmatic investment in groups of people of all sizes." Guattari does not take fatalistic ones Perspective, but also states that "more and more [...] human interventions have to ensure natural equilibrium". Ecosophy must ultimately express itself as a "richly facetted movement", on the basis of which "individuals [...] should become solidarity and at the same time more and more different" and which results in a "regaining of human self-confidence". In later works he emphasized Gilles Deleuze's heterogeneity and difference compared to uniformity and holism .

In the literature, Guattari's writing has been rated as "strikingly topical to this day". Because Guattari "explicitly included 'green' aspects and at the same time thought the ecological more complex and more open than conventional environmental movements", he is "still as fundamental".

Works

  • (together with Gilles Deleuze) Anti-Oedipus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia I , Frankfurt am Main, 1974 (orig. 1972)
  • Micro-politics of desire. Merve , Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-920986-89-X ( International Marxist Discussion. Vol. 70).
  • (together with Gilles Deleuze) Rhizome. Merve, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-920986-83-0 ( International Marxist Discussion. Vol. 67).
  • (together with Gilles Deleuze) A thousand plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia II. Merve, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-88396-094-2 .
  • The three ecologies . Passagen, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-85165-134-0 .
  • About machines. In: Henning Schmidgen (Hrsg.): Aesthetics and machinism. Texts by and about Félix Guattari. Merve, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88396-121-3 ( International Merve Discourse. Vol. 189).
  • Shin Takamatsu's architecture machines. In: Christian Girard u. a. (Ed.): Shin Takamatsu, an architect from Kyoto. Merve, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88396-127-2 ( International Merve Discourse. Vol. 195).
  • The new aesthetic paradigm. In: Zeitschrift für Medienwissenschaft, focus on 'media aesthetics' (edited by Erich Hörl and Mark BN Hansen), issue 1/2013. Diaphanes, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-03734-240-4 .
  • Chaosmosis. Turia + Kant, Vienna / Berlin 2014 (orig. 1992), ISBN 978-3-85132-758-8 .
  • Writings on art. Merve, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-88396-371-6 .

Only a few of Guattari's books, which were written alone, have so far been translated into German:

  • Psychanalysis et transversalité (1973)
  • Trois milliards de pervers: grande encyclopédie des homosexualités , Revue Recherches, No. 12 (1973)
  • The Revolution Molecular (1977)
  • L'inconscient machinique (1979)
  • Les trois écologies (1985, German Vienna 1989)
  • Les années hiver (1986)
  • Cartographies schizoanalytiques (1989)

literature

  • Ralf Krause, Marc Rölli: Micropolitics. An introduction to political philosophy by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Turia + Kant, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-85132-619-2 .
  • Guattari, Félix , in: Élisabeth Roudinesco ; Michel Plon: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis: Names, Countries, Works, Terms . Translation from French. Vienna: Springer, 2004, ISBN 3-211-83748-5 , pp. 383f.

Web links

Commons : Félix Guattari  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gregory Bateson: Steps to an Ecology of Mind
  2. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 12 .
  3. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 40 .
  4. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 13 .
  5. ↑ This emphasis on subjectivity, which is rather untypical for post-structuralism, surprised the philosopher André Gorz in particular , cf. André Häger: Discussion: The three ecologies. In: Political quarterly . tape 54 , no. 1 . Springer, 2013, ISSN  0032-3470 , p. 190-192 , JSTOR : 24201188 .
  6. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 57, 59 .
  7. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 68 .
  8. ^ Félix Guattari: The three ecologies (= Peter Engelmann [Hrsg.]: Passages forum ). 4th edition. Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7092-0380-4 , pp. 70 ff .
  9. ^ André Häger: Review: The three ecologies. In: Political quarterly . tape 54 , no. 1 . Springer, 2013, ISSN  0032-3470 , p. 190-192 , JSTOR : 24201188 .
  10. ^ Yvonne Volkart: Art and ecology in the age of the technosphere . In: Marcus Maeder (ed.): Art, Science, Nature: On the aesthetics and epistemology of artistic-scientific observation of nature . transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2017, ISBN 978-3-8376-3692-5 , p. 181 f .
personal data
SURNAME Guattari, Felix
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guattari, Pierre-Félix (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Villeneuve-les-Sablons
DATE OF DEATH August 29, 1992
Place of death Paris