Fifth Syrian War

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Fifth Syrian War
date 202-195 BC Chr.
place Syria
output Loss of territory for Egypt
Parties to the conflict

Ptolemaic Egypt

Seleucid Empire

Commander

Ptolemy V

Antiochus III.


The Fifth Syrian War is again a conflict between Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucids , this time supplemented by the Roman Republic and Macedonia under Philip V , which paralleled and partially coordinated the Second Macedonian War (200–196 BC) with implications wage the fifth Syrian war. The Fifth Syrian War lasted from 202 BC. Until 195 BC Chr.

The trigger for the war was - in addition to the unsatisfied ambition of the Seleucid Antiochus III. - the weakness of the Ptolemaic Empire, where after the death of Ptolemy IV (204 BC) regents and courtly intrigues surrounded Ptolemy V, who was five or six years old .

Was the result of the war

  • the transfer of all Egyptian possessions in Asia to Antiochus, also the loss of all possessions in Europe.
  • the beginning of Egypt's dependence on Rome

Schedule

  • 203 BC Chr .: At the end of the year Antiochus and Philip meet and agree on a division of the Ptolemaic possessions outside of Egypt.
  • 202 BC Chr .: in the second quarter Antiochus invades Koile Syria ; an Egyptian embassy leaves for Rome for support. The fifth Syrian war has started.
  • 201 BC BC: Antiochus occupies large parts of Palestine without much resistance, Gaza after a siege, but no other coastal cities. The Egyptian governor Ptolemy changes to Antiochus and remains in office. - During his war against Attalus I of Pergamon , Philip also conquered Ptolemaic Miletus and the naval base of Samos . Pergamon and Rhodes complain about Philip in Rome; Rome sends an embassy with the mandate to bring about a coalition against Philip and to investigate the situation in Syria.
  • 200 BC Chr .: At the beginning of the year, the Egyptian general Skopas conquered almost the entire country including Jerusalem , but without Damascus . In the summer he is beaten at Paneas (later Caesarea Philippi); he withdrew to Sidon with 10,000 men , where he was besieged. - Philip disregards a Roman ultimatum and takes the Thracian Aegean coast from the Ptolemies . Ultimately, Rome demands the cessation of all hostilities, compensation payments and the return of conquered areas. Philip ignores the ultimatum and triggers the Second Macedonian War. The Romans, including Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , travel on to Alexandria , where they do not take any action, and then to Antiochus, with whom they agree that he will not go with Philip against Rome - but that he will not be hindered in his other plans either .
  • 199 BC Chr .: Skopas capitulates and is given free travel, Sidon becomes Seleucid.
  • 198 BC BC: Antiochus consolidates his rule in Syria.
  • 197 BC BC: Antiochus conquers the Ptolemaic possessions of Cilicia and Lycia , in autumn Ionia with Ephesus . Rhodes occupies Caria . Samos is Ptolemaic again, but is given independence shortly afterwards through the mediation of Rhodes.
  • 196 BC Chr .: End of the Second Macedonian War - the Thracian coast is not returned to the Ptolemies. Ptolemy V, 13 or 14 years old, is crowned. At the end of the year, a Roman embassy (including Lucius Cornelius Lentulus ) called for Antiochus to return the "subject cities of Ptolemy" - probably due to a previously expressed complaint: Egypt once again needed Rome's help and thus came further into its sphere of influence. Antiochus announces the intended marriage of his daughter Cleopatra I to Ptolemy V. The Romans withdraw from the negotiations.
  • 195 BC Chr .: engagement between Ptolemy and Cleopatra. Peace agreement, the Egyptians renounce their possessions in Asia.
  • Winter 194/193 BC Chr .: The "Wedding of Raphia" between Ptolemy and Cleopatra.

literature

  • Günther Hölbl : History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Politics, ideology and religious culture from Alexander the great to the Roman conquest. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-534-10422-6 , pp. 121-126.