Ptolemy V

Name of Ptolemy V

Silver tetra drachmon with Ptolemy V Epiphanes, British Museum

Proper name

Ptolemy
Ptolmys

Ptolemaios ankh dschet meri Ptah
Ptolmys ˁnḫ ḏt mrj Ptḥ
Ptolemy, who lives forever, loved by Ptah

Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistos ( ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος Εʹ ὁ Ἐπιφανής ὁ Εὐχαριστός , "the God who has risen / appeared, whose goodness is beautiful"; * October 6, 210 BC ; † 180 BC ), son of Ptolemy 'IV. , Was from 205 to 180 BC. BC Pharaoh of Egypt or Basileus of the Ptolemaic Empire. He was the 5th ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in the Greco-Roman periodRuled Egypt. Under him the creeping decline of his dynasty began, in particular due to internal power struggles and uprisings of the Egyptians against the Macedonian dynasty.

youth

Ptolemy V was the son of Ptolemy IV and his sister and wife Arsinoe . After the father's death in the summer of 205 BC And after the widow was murdered, Ptolemy V became pharaoh at the age of five.

After the death of Ptolemy IV, his empire stood until 197 BC. Under several guardianship governments. At first the court officials Agathokles and Sosibios assumed the guardianship of the minor, presumably with the help of a forged will. After their fall in 204 BC Through a revolt, their leader Tlepolemos and the just overthrown Sosibios made themselves guardians. Tlepolemus soon got rid of Sosibius, until he was born in 202 BC. Was ousted by Aristomenes .

At this time the Ptolemaic Empire lost the possessions in Syria to the Seleucid king Antiochus III. and in the Fifth Syrian War bases in Asia Minor at Philip V of Macedonia . After the peace agreement with Antiochus III. in 197 BC It was decided to marry his daughter Cleopatra with Ptolemy.

Regency

It was not until the 17th day of the second month of the Achetian season (November 23 / December 3) in 197 BC. Ptolemy V was officially crowned in BC. But he remained latently under the supervision of Aristomenes, who was ousted by Polykrates in 192 . A short time after his coronation, in 196 BC On the 18th day of the second month of the season Peret (March 23rd / April 3rd) wrote the decree of Memphis , which is recorded on the Rosette stone.

Ptolemy V was married to Cleopatra I in 194/193. Under him came 184 BC. BC (or 186 BC?) Upper Egypt returned to the Empire. Ptolemy also uses the epithet "Eucharist" ( ὁ Εὐχαριστός , 'the grateful').

Rosette stone

The famous trilingual Rosette Stone , which made it possible to decipher the hieroglyphs , dates from his reign. It contains a decree showing the increasing influence of the Egyptians on politics. The Macedonian king promises them debt and tax relief, the release of prisoners, an amnesty for insurgents and more donations for the temples of the local gods.

death

His sudden death remains unexplained. Because he allegedly strove to wage a war against the Seleucids for Syria, financed by the upper class of Egypt , he is said to have been poisoned by courtiers at their instigation.

literature

Ellen Doetsch-Amberger: A seal from Ptolemaios' V. In: Göttinger Miszellen . Volume 142, 1994, pp. 67-68.
Marco Frenschkowski : Ptolemy V. Epiphanes. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 1035-1036. ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
Günther Hölbl : History of the Ptolemaic Empire: Politics, ideology and religious culture from Alexander the great to the Roman conquest. Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-534-17675-8 .
Eddy Lanciers: The Egyptian Temple Buildings at the Time of Ptolemy V. Epiphanes (204-180 BC) / 1. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. Volume 42, 1986, pp. 81-98.
Eddy Lanciers: The Egyptian temples at the time of Ptolemy V. Epiphanes (204-180 BC) / 2. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. Volume 43, 1987, ISBN 3-8053-0537-0 , pp. 173-182.
Martina Minas: The hieroglyphic lineages of the Ptolemaic kings. A comparison with the titles of the eponymous priests in the demotic and Greek papyri (= Aegyptiaca Treverensia. Vol. 9). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2000, ISBN 3-8053-2619-X .
Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 214-216.
Wilhelm Spiegelberg : The demotic text of the priestly decrees of Canopus and Memphis (Rosettana) with the hieroglyphic and Greek versions and German translation together with a demotic glossary. Winters, Heidelberg 1922.

Web links

Commons : Ptolemy V. - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b From the records it is not clear whether according to the calendar of Ptolemy III. (according to Canopus Decree ) or according to the ancient Egyptian calendar . The first-mentioned date represents the old calendar, while the second-mentioned date refers to the Ptolemy III calendar.

^ Wilhelm Spiegelberg: The demotic text of the priestly decrees of Canopus and Memphis (Rosettana) with the hieroglyphic and Greek versions and German translation together with the demotic glossary. Heidelberg 1922.

^ Ptolemy V Epiphanes , in: www . britica.com

predecessor	Office	successor
Ptolemy IV	King of Egypt 205 to 180 BC Chr.	Ptolemy VI

personal data
SURNAME	Ptolemy V
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Epiphanes (Greek, appeared)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	King of Egypt
DATE OF BIRTH	October 6, 210 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH	180 BC Chr.

[P-1] From the records it is not clear whether according to the calendar of Ptolemy III. (according to Canopus Decree ) or according to the ancient Egyptian calendar . The first-mentioned date represents the old calendar, while the second-mentioned date refers to the Ptolemy III calendar.

[2] Wilhelm Spiegelberg: The demotic text of the priestly decrees of Canopus and Memphis (Rosettana) with the hieroglyphic and Greek versions and German translation together with the demotic glossary. Heidelberg 1922.