Sumbul root

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Illustration from Ferula sumbul in: Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen. Medicinal plants . 1880

Sumbul root or musk root is a drug derived from the plant Ferula sumbul (Kauffm.) Hook.f. found in the area of ​​the former Turkestan . (Syn .: Ferula moschata ( H. Reinsch ) Koso-Pol. And Euryangium sumbul (Kauffm.)) Is obtained.

Replacement for muskrat seeds

In 1835/36 a Persian merchant brought a significant amount of the root, allegedly from Chokant , to Moscow and sold it to the Thal brothers' drugstore. They initially sold the roots to perfumers who, because of their fine musk smell, used them instead of muskrat seeds ( Abelmoschus moschatus med.).

Bavaria

At the same time, smaller quantities of the root were also sent abroad. In Bavaria, the roots were initially examined using the methods of analytical chemistry, whereby the identity of the parent plant and the therapeutic effect of the roots initially remained in the dark.

In 1844, the root was ingested by two people in a self- experiment weighing one drachm (approx. 3.7 grams). The following symptoms occurred about 60 minutes after ingestion of both of them: tremors, weakness of the extremities, numbness of the head, pleasant emotions, pleasant dreams, increased stomach activity, increased appetite and a slight increase in urine output.

In the German-speaking area, the sumbul root was not included in official pharmacopoeia.

Russia

From 1844 to 1847 Heinrich Thielmann prescribed medicines containing sumbul roots more than 200 times in the Peter Paul Hospital in Saint Petersburg . After "the happiest successes" in treating the "nervous stage of intestinal typhus" with the roots, he and his students expanded the range of indications for the new remedy. They used preparations made from the sumbul root to treat the following diseases:

  • Intestinal typhus in the nervous stage
  • Chronic nervous diseases
  • diarrhea
  • Cholera sporadica
  • Loss of appetite and abdominal distension
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Delirium tremens
  • Obsolete fistulas

Thielmann gave the following dosage forms in which he administered the sumbul root: infusion, decoction and tincture. He prepared the tincture like this: “Take coarsely powdered sumbul root five ounces (150 grams), rectified alcohol two pounds (720 grams). Macerate for eight days in a closed vessel that has to be shaken frequently, then squeeze and filter. Administration: 15-25 drops every 3-4 hours. "

England

From the 11th edition in 1852, the sumbul root was included in the "London Pharmacopoeia" as a means of stimulating the nervous system. In 1934, Sumbul was recommended in the British Pharmaceutical Codex as a stimulant and antispasmodic agent for “hysterical states”.

Identification of the parent plant

In 1835/36 the sumbul root was brought to the West by traders via Moscow, without any more precise information about the identity and the place of growth of the parent plant.

In 1843 the Heidelberg botanist Johann Heinrich Dierbach quoted the English botanist John Forbes Royle , who had stated that the name Sunbul was used in Persian, Arabic and Greek works to denote different plants. In 1847 the director of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden Friedrich Fischer also discussed the meaning of the name Sumbul. He pointed out that the name Sumbulch or Sumbul has been applied to various plants by Arabs, Persians, Greeks and Romans since ancient times and actually means ear of wheat.

In the summer of 1869, the plant, which was regarded as the master plant of the sumbul root, was bought by AP Fedschenko in the mountains southeast of Samarkand (which formed the border of the Russian Empire at that time by separating what was then Russian Turkestan from Bucharia ), near the small town of Pechakend discovered on the Zarafshan River at an altitude of 3000 to 4000 feet . One root was sent to the Moscow Botanical Garden, where it bloomed in 1871. In 1872 the Kew Botanical Garden received two dry roots from Moscow, one of which had retained its vitality. This annually developed leaves and in 1875 produced a beautifully blooming stem.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen . Medicinal plants. J. & A. Churchill, London 1880, Volume 2, No 129 (digitized version)
  2. ↑ Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen. Medicinal plants. J. & A. Churchill, London 1880, Volume 2, No 129 (digitized version)
  3. ↑ Henry Trimen. In: The Journal of Botany , 1875, p. 275 (digitized version)
  4. ^ Karl Heinrich Thielmann . The sumbul root, a new very effective medicine . In: Medicinal newspaper of Russia. 4th year (1847), pp. 1–2 (digitized version) .
  5. ^ Flora or general botanical newspaper . Regensburg, No 42, November 14th 1840, minutes of the meeting of the botanical section at the eighteenth meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Erlangen in September 1840. Reported by the secretary of the section, Prof. Dr. Fürnrohr . P. 665: … Hofrath Dr. v. Martius shows a root sent in by Councilor Ledebour , known in Persia under the name Symbolis, which is used there as an excellent remedy for dropsy and atrophy, is particularly characterized by a musky and calamus-like odor, and an unknown plant, probably an umbellifer , heard. ...
  6. ^ Johann Heinrich Dierbach . Appendix containing the description of some crude parts of plants, the origin of which is as yet unknown. … Radix Sumbul… Darin Dierbach: “… Professor Erdmann in Dorpat was kind enough to give me this rare drug through Mr. Staatsrath v. To have Ledebour shown ” . In: Handbuch der Pharmacie… by Philipp Lorenz Geiger . 2nd edition, Winter, Heidelberg 1840, p. 1955. (digitized version)
  7. ↑ Journal de Pharmacie , Paris, Nov. 1840, pp. 714-715: Extrait du procès-verbal de la séance de la Société de Pharmacie de Paris, du 7 October 1840. … M. Guibourt… montre des tronçons d'une racine qui lui a été envoyée par M. Dupray, pharmacien au Havre, et qui est remarquable par une odeur de musc très-prononcée. Cette racine est fournie par le sambolu ou sambola, espèce d'angélique gigantesque qui croit en Sibérie.
  8. ↑ Hugo Reinsch . Chemical investigation of the natal sumbulus or musk root . In: Yearbooks for practical pharmacy and related subjects , 1843, Vol. VI, pp. 297-310 (digitized version )
  9. ^ Johann Heinrich Dierbach . Comments on the natal sumbul or musk root , in: Jahrbücher für practical Pharmacie and related subjects , 1843, Vol. VII, pp. 16-20 (digitized version )
  10. ↑ Hugo Reinsch. Supplements to the chemical investigation of the radix sumbulus or musk root , in: Jahrbücher für practical Pharmacie and related subjects , 1843, Vol. VII, pp. 79–86 (digitized version )
  11. ↑ Hugo Reinsch. Radix Sumbulus (musk root) , in: Buchner's Repertorium für die Pharmacie , 1843, Vol. 82, pp. 210–215 (digitized version )
  12. ^ Johann Andreas Buchner . Something else about radix sumbul or Persian musk root , in: Buchner's Repertorium für die Pharmacie , 1843, vol. 82, pp. 216–221 (digitized version )
  13. ^ Adalbert Schnizlein and Albert Frickhinger. About radix Sumbul, Muschuswurzel , in: Buchner's Repertorium für die Pharmacie , 1844, Vol. 83, pp. 25–32 (digitized version )
  14. ↑ Joh. B. Kallhofert. Contribution to the knowledge of the sumbul root , in: Buchner's Repertorium für die Pharmacie , 1844, Vol. 84, pp. 368–375 (digitized version )
  15. ↑ Hugo Reinsch. Behavior of angelica balsam against sulfuric acid and with dry distillation , in: Buchner's Repertorium für die Pharmacie , 1845, Vol. 89, pp. 299–304 (digitized version )
  16. ↑ Schnizlein and Frickhinger 1844, pp. 31–32. - JB Kallhofert 1844, p. 375
  17. ^ Theodor Husemann . Handbook of the entire pharmacology. 2 volumes, Springer, Berlin 1873–1875. 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 1883. Volume II, p. 965 (digitized version)
  18. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Annual report from the Peter-Pauls-Hospitale in St. Petersburg for the year 1844 . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 2nd volume (1845), p. 238 (digitized version)
  19. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. The sumbul root, a new very effective medicine . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th volume (1847) pp. 1–6 (digitized version)
  20. ↑ Arcadius Wittkoff. On the pharmacodynamics of the sumbul root . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), No 11, pp. 81–83 (digitized version )
  21. ↑ Dr. Meinhard. Three cases of motility neuroses, observed in the Peter-Pauls-Hospitale in St. Petersburg . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 3rd vol. (1846), No 43, pp. 353–356 (digitized version )
  22. ↑ A. Murawjeff. About the Sumbulin . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 10th vol. (1853), pp. 249-251 (digitized version)
  23. ↑ Alexander Muravyev. Resina sumbuli, their preparation and therapeutic use . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 10th vol. (1853), pp. 321-324 (digitized version )
  24. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Persistent vomiting, with great loss of strength, cured by radix sumbul . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), pp. 103-104 (digitized version )
  25. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Pneumatosis of the stomach and later renal ischuria, cured by Radix sumbul . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), pp. 93–94 (digitized version )
  26. ↑ A. Murawjeff. About the Sumbulin . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 10th vol. (1853), pp. 249-251 (digitized version)
  27. ↑ Alexander Muravyev. Resina sumbuli, their preparation and therapeutic use . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 10th vol. (1853), pp. 321-324 (digitized version )
  28. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Delirium tremens, a contribution to the pharmacodynamics of the sumbul root . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), pp. 124–125 (digitized version )
  29. ↑ Dr. Meinhard. Radix Sumbul against delirium tremens . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 7th year (1850), pp. 143-144 (digitized version )
  30. ^ Theodor Wittmaack . Handbook of rational therapy from today's standpoint of scientific research and clinical experience for practical and prospective physicians . Ernst Schäfer, Leipzig 1858, vol. 1, p. 170 (digitized version)
  31. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Rectification. Dr. Theodor Wittmaack in Altona and the sumbul root . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 16. Jg. (1859), p. 80 (digitized version)
  32. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. Healing of obsolete fistulas. A contribution to the pharmacodynamics of the sumbul root . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), pp. 157-160 (digitized version )
  33. ^ Heinrich Thielmann. The sumbul root, a new very effective medicine . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th volume (1847) pp. 5–6 (digitized version)
  34. ^ Augustus Bozzi Granville . The Sumbul. A new Asiatic remedy of great power against nervous disorders, spasms of the stomach, cramp, hysterical affections, paralysis of the limbs, and epilepsy. With an account of its physical, chemical, and medicinal characters, and specific property of checking the progress of collapse-cholera, as first ascertained in Russia . Churchill, London 1850 (digitized version)
  35. ↑ Pharmaceutical Journal , Feb. 1852, p. 144: "To correspondents. ... ADJ (Norwich). Tincture of Sumbul. In the absence of any formula published on authority, we have adopted the following: - Rp Sumbul drachme ij .; Proof Spirit, drachme XVj .. Macerate seven days and strain. " (Digitized)
  36. ↑ Anthony Todd Thomson (1778-1849). The London dispensatory. Containing I. The elements of pharmacy. II. The botanical description, natural history, chymical analysis, and medical properties of the substances of the materia medica. III. The pharmaceutical preparations and compositions of the Pharmacopeeias of London, Edinburgh and Dublin . 11th Ed. 1852 pp. 690–691 (digitized version )
  37. ↑ Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen. Medicinal plants. J. & A. Churchill, London 1880, Volume 2, No 129 (digitized version)
  38. ^ "The British Pharmaceutical Codex 1934". London 1934, pp. 1034-1035.
  39. ^ Johann Heinrich Dierbach. Comments on the natal sumbul or musk root , in: Jahrbücher für practical Pharmacie and related subjects , 1843, Vol. VII, pp. 16-20 (digitized version )
  40. ^ FII Fischer. About Sumbul and Spicanard . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , 4th vol. (1847), pp. 65–66 (digitized version )
  41. ^ N. Kauffmann. Euryangium sumbul. The mother plant of the Bukharan sumbul root . In: Nouveaux mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Volume XIII (1871), pp. 253-260 (digitized version )
  42. ^ Friedrich August Flückiger and Daniel Hanbury (1825–1875). Pharmacographia. A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin met with in Great Britain and British India. Macmillan, London 1874, pp. 278–279 (digitized version )
  43. ↑ Henry Trimen. Short notes. … Euryangium sumbul Kauffmann . In: The Journal of Botany , 1875, p. 275 (digitized version)
  44. ↑ Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen. Medicinal plants. J. & A. Churchill, London 1880, Volume 2, No 129: Ferula sumbul . (Digitized version)