Muskrat

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Muskrat
Muskrat (Abelmoschus moschatus), illustration

Muskrat ( Abelmoschus moschatus ), illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family : Mallow family (Malvaceae)
Subfamily : Malvoideae
Genre : Muskrat
Scientific name
Abelmoschus
Medic.
Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus )
Abelmoschus ficulneus

The abelmoschus ( Abelmoschus ) is a plant genus that the family of mallow belongs (Malvaceae). The species are native to subtropical and tropical areas of southern and southeastern Asia and northern Australia.

description

The muskrat species are annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 0.2 to 4 m. The plants are often hairy. The alternate and spirally arranged, stalked leaves are usually three- to seven-lobed. Stipules are present.

The flowers are usually single in the leaf axils. The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The outer cup is five to fifteen lobes. The five green sepals are fused. The five intensely colored petals are fused together like a funnel. In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube surrounding the pistil , the so-called Columna . Five carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

A mostly hairy, 20 to 50 mm long capsule fruit is formed, which contains many (30 to 50) seeds.

Systematics

The genus was established in 1787 by the German botanist Friedrich Kasimir Medikus. In some species of the genus Hibiscus , he noted characteristic features of the stylus and stigma and took this as an opportunity to describe a new genus. The name goes back to the musky scent of the seeds.

Types (selection)

There are around six to 15 species, most of which are native to Southeast Asia :

  • Abelmoschus crinitus Wallich : It occurs in tropical Asia and China.
  • Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench , syn .: Hibiscus esculentus L. ), also called rose poplar.
  • Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arnott ex Wight : It occurs in tropical Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Madagascar and Australia.
  • Cassava muskrat ( Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. Syn .: Hibiscus tetraphyllos Roxb. ): This species is very common in the mountains of Hindustan , provides a flax-yellow bast fiber (Abelmoschus fiber), which is fine-grained like the best jute, but when it is damp Condition very soon tans and loses firmness. It occurs in the trade as jute. Many other species in the genus give spinnable fibers, and others are used as ornamental plants. With the following varieties:
    • Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. var. manihot
    • Abelmoschus manihot var. Pungens (Roxburgh) Hochreutiner (Syn .: Abelmoschus pungens (Roxb.) Voigt )
  • Muskrush ( Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. , Syn .: Hibiscus abelmoschus L. ): It occurs in tropical Asia, in China and Taiwan, in Indonesia, Malaysia, on the Philippines, in Papua New Guinea and in Australia. It grows to a height of 2 to 2.5 m, has long, somewhat stiff hair and has large yellow, basically dark red flowers. The kidney-shaped, 2 to 3 mm long and 2 mm wide black-brown seed with raised brown ribs forms abel musk grains (muskrat grains), which smell musky when heated and are used to smell powders, as pearls, in the West Indies also against snakebites. The best come from Martinique . Also used in perfumery under the name Ambrette, mainly available as CO 2 extract and as "absolute". The species is divided into the following subspecies:
    • Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. biakensis (Hochr.) Borss.Waalk. : It occurs in New Guinea.
    • Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus
    • Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss.Waalk. (Syn .: Abelmoschus sagittifolius (short) Merrill ): It occurs in India, Indonesia, in Indochina, China and in Australia.
  • Abelmoschus muliensis K.M.Feng : It occurs in southwestern Sichuan at altitudes between 1200 and 2100 meters.

swell

  • Christian Grunert: Garden flowers from A to Z . 6th edition. Neumann Verlag, Leipzig Radebeul 1984.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Abelmoschus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  2. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (4th edition): Hibiscus tetraphyllos Roxb.
  3. ↑ Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon (4th edition): Hibiscus Abelmoschus L.
  4. ^ A b Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae . - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Malvaceae.

Web links

Wiktionary: Abelmoschus  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Muskrat  - album with pictures, videos and audio files