Friedrich Casimir Medicus
Friedrich Casimir Medicus , also Friedrich Kasimir Medikus , (born January 6, 1736 in Grumbach , Rhineland-Palatinate , † July 15, 1808 in Mannheim ) was a German botanist , doctor and garden director. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Medik. "
Live and act
Medicus studied in Tübingen , Strasbourg and Heidelberg . He worked as a doctor in Mannheim. Duke Christian von Pfalz-Zweibrücken appointed him court counselor and court medicus in 1764. In 1766 he was involved in the creation of the botanical garden. In 1769 he became a garrison physician in Mannheim.
As early as 1761, Medicus had been appointed a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich. Around 1760 he became a member of the Electoral Maintzische Academy of Useful Sciences in Erfurt; from 1762 he was a member of the Leopoldina and the Imperial Academy of Natural Scientists in Vienna, and in 1763 of the Palatinate Academy of Sciences in Mannheim. In 1769 he became an honorary member of the physical and economic society in Kaiserslautern and its director a year later. As such, he was also one of the co-founders of the Hohe Kameral School in Kaiserslautern, which was transferred to state care in 1774 . He also took over the management there and remained in this position even after the university was relocated to Heidelberg.
Medicus was gardening director in Schwetzingen and Mannheim. His botanical garden was badly damaged in the bombardments of Mannheim in 1795 and 1799; shortly after his death in 1808 he was dissolved. As a botanist, he was an opponent of Carl von Linné's biological system and rather supported the botanical system of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort , which was ultimately supplanted by Linné's system.
Friedrich Casimir Medicus was on friendly terms with the Minister of the Electorate of the Palatinate, Peter Emanuel von Zedtwitz , and he also acted as his family doctor.
Ludwig Walrad Medicus was his son.
Honors
The plant genus Medicusia Moench from the sunflower family (Asteraceae) is named after Medicus .
Fonts
Medicus published many works on medicine, botany, garden art and forest botany. His best-known work on garden art is Contributions to Beautiful Garden Art from 1782.
Selection of his works on medical topics:
- History of periodic diseases . Karlsruhe 1764.
- Letters to the head IG Zimmermann, about some experiences from the science of medicine . Mannheim 1766.
- Sur les rechûtes et sur la contagion de la petite vérole, deux lettres de M. Medicus, ... à M. Petit . Mannheim 1767.
- Collection of observations from Arzney science . Zurich (1764–1766; new edition 1776).
Selection of his works on botany, forest botany and garden art:
- Botanical observations . Mannheim ( gallica.bnf.fr - 1780–1784).
- Contributions to beautiful garden art . Mannheim 1782, doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.43565 ( ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
- About some artificial sexes from the Mallow family, because the class of the Monadelphien . Mannheim 1787 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae . 1790.
- Plant genera formed from the epitome of all fructification parts ... with critical remarks . Mannheim 1792, doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.7570 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- About North American trees and bushes, as objects of German forestry and beautiful garden art . Mannheim 1792.
- Critical remarks on objects from the plant kingdom . Mannheim 1793 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- History of botany of our times . Mannheim 1793 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- Unauthorized acacia tree, to encourage general cultivation of this type of wood, the only one of its kind . Leipzig ( gallica.bnf.fr - four volumes; 1794–1798).
- About the true principles of forage production . Leipzig 1796.
- Contributions to plant anatomy, plant physiology and a new characteristic of trees and shrubs . Leipzig (1799-1800).
- Formation of the sponges, vegetable crystallization . Leyde 1803.
- Propagation of plants by exams . Leyde 1803 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- Contributions to the culture of exotic plants . Leipzig 1806.
Works on other topics:
- From the construction on coal . Mannheim 1768 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
literature
- Alexandra Plettenberg: The high camera school in Lautern 1774–1784 . Diss., Munich 1983
- Gertrud Schröder-Lembke: Medicus, Friedrich Casimir. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 598 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names . Ed .: Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 13th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8001-5042-5 .
Web links
- Author entry and list of the plant names described for Friedrich Casimir Medicus at the IPNI
- Detailed biography
- Short biography entry at rjohara.net (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Ilona Knoll: The Mannheim botanist Friedrich Casimir Medicus (1736-1808) Life and work: Monographs on the history of pharmacy . Palatina Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 3-932608-31-3
- ↑ Casimir Medicus. List of members Leopoldina
- ^ Adolf Kistner: The care of the natural sciences in Mannheim at the time of Karl Theodor . Mannheimer Altertumsverein, 1930, p. 122, books.google.de
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Medicus, Friedrich Casimir |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Friedrich Casimir medicus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German botanist and garden director |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 6, 1736 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Grumbach , Rhineland-Palatinate |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 15, 1808 |
| Place of death | Mannheim |