Theses on Feuerbach
The Theses on Feuerbach by Karl Marx put next to, together with Friedrich Engels wrote The German Ideology , the first formulation of his (1845) materialist conception of history is.
The theses are handed down in two versions:
- According to Engels, Marx wrote the original text “in the spring of 1845”, at least not later than the beginning of June 1845 in Brussels . He is in his notebook 1844–1847 under the heading “1. ad Feuerbach ”and was dated between April and June 1845.
- The theses were only published posthumously in 1888 by Friedrich Engels, who edited them and, under the title Marx über Feuerbach, added an edition of his own work Ludwig Feuerbach and the outcome of classical German philosophy as an appendix.
Marx criticizes Feuerbach on the basis of the Hegelian dialectic . In his eleventh thesis, "The philosophers have only interpreted the world differently , it depends on changing it ," he summarizes his main objections to Feuerbach. Feuerbach remains with an intuitive materialism and can therefore not understand society as a material reality that grows from the actions of people, and forgets that circumstances must be changed by people and the educator himself must be educated.
Marx emphasizes the dialectical tension between the abstract individual and society. Materialistically, the individual can only be understood as an ensemble of social relations. The social conditions themselves are in turn the result of the actions of human individuals. As a way out, which overcomes the intuitive reproduction of bourgeois society and leads to a human society or socialized humanity , only a revolutionary process of practice remains .
text
in the version by Friedrich Engels 1888
- Friedrich Engels: Ludwig Feuerbach and the outcome of classical German philosophy . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1888, pp. 69-72.
- Archives K. Marx and F. Engels , Vol. 1, Moscow 1924, pp. 203-210. (Original decipherment and facsimile) (Russian)
- Karl Marx: Theses on Feuerbach. [Based on the text of the 1888 edition compared with Marx's manuscript from 1845] In: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels: Selected writings in two volumes. Volume 2, Berlin 1955.
- Transcript of the original transcript (modern orthography) 1845, Marx-Engels-Werke Vol. 3, pp. 5–7 (DEA archive online)
- Transcript of the original transcript (original orthography) 1845, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Department IV. Vol. 3, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1998, pp. 19-21. ISBN 3-05-003398-3 ,
literature
- Volker Gerhard (ed.): A posted thesis. The 11th Feuerbach thesis in the foyer of the Humboldt University in Berlin . Berlin 1996.
- Georges Labica : Karl Marx, Theses on Feuerbach . Argument-Verlag , Hamburg 1998. ISBN 3-88619-243-1
- Klaus Weber: Review of: Georges Labica: Karl Marx - Theses on Feuerbach . Hamburg / Berlin: Argument-Verlag 1998.
- Jens Grandt: On the Feuerbach criticism by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , in: humanismus aktuell , issue 16, spring 2005. ISSN 1433-514X , pp. 40–52.
- Wolfgang Fritz Haug : Feuerbach Theses (pdf; 199 kB), in: Historical-Critical Dictionary of Marxism , Vol. 4, Argument-Verlag, Hamburg 1999, Sp. 402-420.
- Falko Schmieder: For a new reading of the Feuerbach criticism of the theses on Feuerbach and the German Ideology (pdf), in: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode 2006.
- Michael Heinrich, "Practice and Fetishism. A Note on Marx's Theses on Feuerbach and Their Use" , in: Christoph Engemann u. a. (Ed.), Society as Reversal. Perspectives on a new reading of Marx . ça ira Verlag, Freiburg 2004, pp. 249–270.
Web links
- Version by Friedrich Engels from 1888, MEW vol. 3, p. 533 (MLWerke online)