Fire brigade in the Czech Republic
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The fire brigade in the Czech Republic consists of the Fire Brigade Rescue Corps of the Czech Republic ( Hasičský záchranný sbor ČR , HZS ČR ), the volunteer fire brigades and the company fire brigades. The fire brigade rescue corps is the most important part of the integrated rescue system ( integrovaný záchranný systém - IZS ) and is fully organized as a professional fire brigade. The fire brigade can be reached in the Czech Republic on the national emergency number 150 and the European emergency number 112.
history
See also: History of the fire brigade in Old Austria
The first fire brigades emerged after 1850 , as everywhere in Austria-Hungary . The first volunteer fire brigade in the entire monarchy at that time was the volunteer vigilante group formed in 1851 by the retired officer Ferdinand Leitenberger in the Bohemian Reichstadt . The first city fire brigade was established in Prague in 1853 . The structures were similar to those in Austria until after the Second World War . The structures were fundamentally changed only after the war. In 1953, Law 35/1953 put the fire brigade under the Ministry of the Interior. A basic military structure was created. In 1958 the organization was somewhat decentralized.
Structure of the fire brigade in the Czech Republic
The backbone of the fire brigade rescue corps of the 14 regions (kraj), which are fully organized as professional fire brigades . These units carried out 67.8% of all missions in 2008. In addition, the municipalities set up voluntary fire brigade units ( sbor dobrovolných hasičů ), sometimes with full-time workers . These units carried out 24.9% of all missions in 2008. Further fire brigades are formed by professional and voluntary company fire brigades. There are also 22 military fire brigade units that are responsible for military installations.
Municipal areas are categorized into different risk levels, for which a number of fire brigade units and a maximum travel time are prescribed by law. For the purpose of comprehensive fire protection, the following categories of fire brigade units (Czech jednotka požární ochrany - JPO) are distinguished. Units of the categories JPO I – III have an area of operation defined in driving minutes, units of the categories JPO IV – VI usually only intervene in the area of their carrier (municipal area, factory area).
Fire department category |
description | Number of fire departments as of June 2, 2009 |
|---|---|---|
| JPO I | Units of the region's fire-fighting rescue corps (kraj); Professional fire brigade; Exit within max. 2 min; Application area within a 20-minute drive. | 238 |
| JPO II | Unity of the community's volunteer fire department; Exit within max. 5 min; Area of use within a 10-minute drive. | 202 |
| JPO III | Unity of the community's volunteer fire department; Exit within max. 10 min; Area of use within a 10-minute drive. | 1339 |
| JPO IV | Unit of the company professional fire brigade of a company; Exit within max. 2 min; Area of application usually only in the area of the carrier. | 94 |
| JPO V | Unity of the community's volunteer fire department; Exit within max. 10 min; Application area usually only in the area of the sponsor (municipality area). | 5802 |
| JPO VI | Unit of the voluntary fire brigade of a company; Exit after max. 10 min; Area of application usually only in the area of the carrier. | 256 |
Fire Rescue Corps of the Czech Republic
The fire brigade rescue corps of the Czech Republic ( Hasičský záchranný sbor ČR / kraje ) forms the backbone of the fire brigade in the Czech Republic. It is organized as a professional fire brigade. Since 2001 he has also guaranteed civil protection . In 2007, the 157th Rescue Battalion of the Czech Armed Forces in Hlučín was handed over to the fire department.
The fire brigade rescue corps is formed by the general directorate, which is part of the Ministry of the Interior, 14 fire brigade rescue corps in the regions, the technical high school for fire protection and the higher technical school for fire protection in Frýdek-Místek and a rescue unit in Hlučín . The following educational, repair and special-purpose facilities are also part of the General Directorate: the fire protection technical schools in Frýdek-Místek, Brno , Chomutov and Borovany , the civil protection institute in Lázně Bohdaneč , the technical institute for fire protection in Prague and a repair shop and logistic Base in Olomouc .
Units of the Fire Rescue Corps of the regions carried out 67.8% of the operations in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 238 units were registered with 9419 civil servants (6554 of them with the fire brigade rescue corps of the regions) and 1133 civilian employees.
Voluntary fire brigades
Voluntary fire brigades ( sbor dobrovolných hasičů ) are set up by the municipalities. The commander is appointed after the regional fire-brigade rescue corps has given its opinion and taking into account the proposal of the association active in the field of fire protection. Voluntary fire brigades can also be assigned full-time workers. Companies can also set up volunteer fire brigades.
Units of the community's voluntary fire brigades carried out 24.9% of all missions in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, a total of 7343 units were registered, of which 202 units belonged to the JPO II category, 1,339 units to the JPO III category and 5802 to the JPO V category. 11.7% of these units were called into action only once, 59.6% not at all. The company's 256 units of volunteer fire brigades performed 0.5% of all operations in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 74,358 fire fighters were registered.
Company and military fire brigades
Units of a fire brigade rescue corps of a company ( jednotka hasičského záchranného sboru podniku ) are professional fire brigades and are established by persons under private law in the cases provided for by law. The commander will be appointed after the region's fire service rescue corps have given a statement. Companies can also set up volunteer fire brigades.
Military fire brigade units ( vojenská hasičská jednotka ) are the responsibility of the Ministry of Defense and ensure fire protection in military installations.
As of December 31, 2008, 94 professional fire brigades in the companies and 22 military professional fire brigades were registered, which in 2008 carried out 6.8% of all operations. 2472 professional firefighters were registered, 479 of them military.
Universities and fire schools
University education in the field of fire protection can be obtained in the Czech Republic at the Faculty of Safety Engineering of the Technical University of Ostrava .
In Frýdek-Místek there is a technical secondary school and a higher technical school for fire protection ( Střední odborná škola požární ochrany a Vyšší odborná škola požární ochrany ve Frýdku-Místku ). The ISCED classification services to is a school of levels 3A and 5B. It is an organizational part of the Fire Rescue Corps of the Czech Republic and is established by the Ministry of the Interior.
The fire fighting technician course is offered at some of the regionally supported high schools (ISCED 3A). The pupils complete part of their training at the technical colleges of the Ministry of the Interior and after four years obtain the general university entrance qualification.
The Ministry of the Interior maintains four specialized schools (ISCED 3C) for fire protection ( odborné učiliště požární ochrany ) in Brno , Frýdek-Místek, Borovany and Chomutov . Only firefighters have access to these facilities.
International
The Czech Republic is a member of the World Fire Brigade Association CTIF , where it is represented by the Czech CTIF National Committee ( Český národní výbor CTIF ). As part of this, the international fire service competitions were held in Brno as early as 1973 . In 2009 they were held again, this time in Ostrava . In 1987 the international youth competitions were held in Havlíčkův Brod .
The headquarters of the Association for Fire Brigade and Fire Protection History in the CTIF , founded in 1993 , is located in Přibyslav .
Fire Brigade Museum
The history of the Czech fire service is presented in the Přibyslav Fire Brigade Museum . The museum is part of the Centrum hasičského hnutí Přibyslav (Fire Brigade Movement Center ), which is run by the Association of Firefighters in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia ( Sdružení hasičů Čech, Moravy a Slezska ) and is housed in the Přibyslav Castle. The first part of the museum opened in 1975. After the division of the state, the museum is in danger of being closed for financial reasons. Therefore, a foundation was set up by the sponsor to provide support.
In Čechy pod Kosířem there is also a fire brigade museum in the former fire extinguishing equipment factory of Anton Smekal.
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of fire protection on Czech territory ( Memento of September 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on July 11, 2009
- ↑ BrandAus , magazine of the Lower Austrian Fire Brigade Association , issue 6/2009
- ↑ a b c d e General Directorate of HZS ČR: Statistical Yearbook 2008
- ↑ HZS ČR: jednotky PO
- ↑ Organization scheme ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on July 11, 2009
- ^ Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic: Schools and schools for fire protection
- ↑ International fire service competitions in July 2009 ( memento of July 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on July 12, 2009
- ↑ International Working Group on Fire Brigade and Fire Protection History and CTIF History Commission ( Memento from June 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 555 kB) accessed on October 2, 2009
- ^ Museum of Historical Carriages , accessed on July 12, 2010.
