Lichen umbilicals

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Lichen umbilicals
Heath lichen nabeling (Lichenomphalia umbellifera)

Heath lichen nabeling ( Lichenomphalia umbellifera )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Snail relatives (Hygrophoraceae)
Genre : Lichen umbilicals
Scientific name
Lichenomphalia
Redhead , Lutzoni , Moncalvo & Vilgalys

The lichens ( Lichenomphalia ) are a genus of fungi from the family of snail relatives , whose species are necessarily associated with green algae , live as lichen and form umbilical-like fruiting bodies .

The type species is the light yellow lichen nabeling ( Lichenomphalia hudsoniana ).

features

Macroscopic features

The cushion-shaped, slightly arched or flatly spread hat measures 3–23 (–30) mm in diameter. The middle of the hat is often depressed to beaked or deepened like a funnel. The surface of the hat is either smooth or furrowed, dry or damp and the edge is finely notched. The color spectrum ranges from white to pale to bright yellow and olive-ocher, dark red-brown and olive-brown. The lamellas that run down the handle are relatively thick, often forked or cross-linked, and are spaced apart. The colors match those of the hat or are paler. The spore powder leaves a white to yellowish impression. The more or less cylindrical stem is (3–) 10–25 (–40) mm long and 0.5–3 mm thick, the stem bark is smooth or frosted, dry and dull. Both the taste and the smell are unspecific.

Microscopic features

The almost spherical to cylindrical or teardrop-shaped spores are translucent ( hyaline ), have thin and smooth walls and show no color reaction ( inamyloid ) when iodine reagents are added . Two or four spores mature on each of the spore stands ( basidia ). There are no cystids either on the lamellar surface or on the edges of the lamellae . There are also no cystids on the stalk; but some species have protruding fungal threads ( hyphae ). There are also no cystids on the hat. The top layer of the hat ( Pileipellis ) is a cutis of lying hyphae, rarely with transitions to a trichoderm. The transverse walls of the hyphae ( septa ) are buckled throughout the fruiting body .

Ecology and phenology

The different camps of the lichen umbilicus in comparison: the granular Botrydina on the left and the scaly Coriscium type on the right

Lichen umbilicus can only survive together with algae. They form a lichen with Coccomyces species and have either a small-grained, green bed ( thallus ) of the Botrydina type or a scale-like Coriscium hallus made of small, shell-shaped and pale green, white-rimmed elements. Lichenomphalia species colonize bare mineral soil such as boggy or peaty subsoil, even grow in the midst of peat moss and are often found in the alpine altitudes .

The fruiting bodies appear from spring to autumn.

species

For Europe 7  taxa are known or expected.

Lichenomphalia ( Lichenomphalia ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Alpine or lemon yellow lichen nabeling Lichenomphalia alpina (Britzelmayr 1890) Redhead et al. 2002
Lichenomphalia cinereispinula Neville & Fouchier 2009
Light yellow lichen nabeling Lichenomphalia hudsoniana (OE Jennings 1936) Redhead et al. 2002
Southern lichen nabeling Lichenomphalia meridionalis (Contu & La Rocca 1999) P.-A. Moreau & Courtecuisse in Courtecuisse 2008
Lichenomphalia pararustica (Clémençon 1982) Elborne in Knudsen & Vesterholt 2008
Heather or folded lichen umbilicus Lichenomphalia umbellifera (Linnaeus 1753: Fries 1828) Redhead et al. 2002
Velvety or gray lichen nabeling Lichenomphalia velutina (Quélet 1886) Redhead et al. 2002

swell

literature

  • Frieder Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe. Part I . In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften . tape 13 . Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft , 2006, ISSN  0944-2820 (master key; generic key; species key for Röhrlinge and relatives, wax leafs, light-leaved mushrooms, light-leaved ones and red blooms).
  • Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Oberwinkler: Basidiolichens. Fungal Associations, 2nd ed . In: Bertold Hock et al. (Ed.): The Mycota . tape 9 , 2012, p. 341-359 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera . Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (English, revision of Nordic Macromycetes Volume 2; incl. CD “MycoKey 3.1”).
  3. ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .
  4. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Lichenomphalia . In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved August 17, 2013 .

Web links

Commons : lichenomphalia ( Lichenomphalia )  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files