Umbilical rings
| Umbilical rings | ||||||||||||
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Red-brown naveling ( Omphalina pyxidata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Omphalina | ||||||||||||
| Quél. |
The umbilical rings ( Omphalina ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of knight relatives , whose species are associated with mosses. In the past it was a species-rich, polyphyletic genus that was thinned out on the basis of the different ecology , pigmentation and phylogeny of its species.
The type species is the red-brown naveling ( Omphalina pyxidata ).
features
Characteristic are small fruit bodies with lamellas that run down the stalk and white, non-amyloid spore powder . As a rule, the hat is sunk deep in the center. The umbrella-like to funnel-shaped appearance is reminiscent of a navel or a belly with a navel, which gave the genus its vernacular name. Similarly shaped leaves mushrooms are in jargon called "omphalinoid".
ecology
Omphalina in today's sense is a small genus of mushrooms that colonize moss. They grow on mossy burn sites and in habitats with undisturbed mossy areas in arctic, sub arctic and alpine climates. The habitats include both rural and urban areas. Many other mushrooms associated with mosses occur in such habitats, but have different characteristics.
species
For Europe 20 taxa are known or expected.
| Umbilical rings ( Omphalina ) in Europe |
Systematics and taxonomy
Nomenclatory problems
Omphalina is an old generic name based on the even older name Omphalia . However, it cannot be used because it is a younger homonym and the name is therefore invalid . Originally, the genus included all white spore, similarly sized and shaped mushrooms. Because of this, many species have been called Omphalina or Omphalia , although they are not true umbilicals. Only the preservation of the red-brown umbilical ring as a type ended the decades of instability.
Phylogenetic redefinition
DNA -based molecular phylogenetic studies show that the reddish brown umbilical cord and other species that grow on mosses with reddish brown to yellowish pigments that encrust the hyphae walls are closely related. In contrast, many other former umbilicals are only distantly related to one another and have therefore been classified in different orders, families or genera.
Reclassification and splitting of previous umbilicals
Lichenized omphalina are with lichen socialized Basidienpilze that now in the kind of the lichenomphalia ( Lichenomphalia are located). These include, for example, the relatively common heather lichen nabeling ( L. umbellifera ).
Moss-dwelling , gray to blackish species now belong to the genus of Adermooslinge ( Arrhenia ). Two better-known representatives are, for example, the scree-vein mossling ( A. rickenii ) and the sooty swamp vein mossling ( A. oniscus ).
All other former omphalina with amyloid spores landed in other genres, including Mycena ( Mycena ), carbon omphalina ( Myxomphalia ) and bells Abel Inge ( Xeromphalina ).
No real navel has gelatinized or slimy tissue or colorful pigments . They also have no cystidia . Species, the separation of which is supported by molecular studies, are divided into various genera such as golden umbilicals ( Chrysomphalina ), umbilical funnels ( Gerronema ) and heftelnabelings ( Rickenella ).
meaning
Origin of name
Omphalina is the diminutive of Omphalia and is derived from the Greek word "ómphalos" (= navel, hump). The name refers to the navel-like appearance of the small domed hats with the typical central depression.
swell
literature
- Frieder Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe. Part I . In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften 13 . Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft , 2006, ISSN 0944-2820 (master key; generic key; species key for Röhrlinge and relatives, wax leafs, light-leaved mushrooms, light-leaved ones and red blooms).
- Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions . The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales. In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 978-3-930167-43-2 (758 pages, German with English summaries, 17 × 24 cm, contains 20 new taxa and 13 new combinations).
Individual evidence
- ^ Scott A. Redhead, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, François Lutzoni: Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for bryophilous omphalinoid agarics outside of the Agaricales (euagarics) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 82 , 2002, pp. 151–168 ( PDF; 1.71 MB ).
- ^ Scott A. Redhead, François Lutzoni, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys: Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 83 , 2002, pp. 19–57 ( PDF; MB ).
- ↑ Loreleia L. Norvell,: Omphalina sensu lato in North America. 1-2: 1: Omphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina . 2: Omphalina sensu Bigelow . In: Mycotaxon . tape 50 , 1994, pp. 379-407 .
- ↑ Lucien Quélet : Omphalina pyxidata (Bull.) Quél. In: Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium . Octave Dion, 1886, p. 43 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Omphalina . In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. July 25, 2011, accessed on January 9, 2013 (including Update No. 100).
- ↑ Lucien Quélet : Omphalina . In: Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium . Octave Dion, 1886, p. 42 .
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Web links
- Michael Kuo: Omphalinoid Mushrooms. In: MushroomExpert.com . November 2008, accessed January 11, 2013 .
- Markus Wilhelm: Omphalina arctica - Arctic naveling. In: Association for Mushroom Science Basel . Retrieved January 11, 2013 .
- Ivony Kautmanovej et al .: kalichovka fialovoružová - Omphalina discorosea . In: Nahuby.sk . Retrieved January 11, 2013 .
