Adermosslings
| Adermosslings | ||||||||||||
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Spatular vein mossling ( Arrhenia spathulata ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Arrhenia | ||||||||||||
| Fr. |
The Adermooslinge ( Arrhenia ) are a genus of fungus from the family of the snail relatives , whose species are associated with mosses and / or algae . The umbilical , spatulate or membranous fruiting bodies have either a lamellar , veiny or smooth hymenophore and grayish pigments .
The type species is the gloomy Adermoosling ( Arrhenia auriscalpium ).
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat is 1–50 mm wide and spatulate, shaped like a cup, kidney, fan or shell. Pedunculated fruit bodies with a funnel-shaped or arched to flatly spread cap with a more or less depressed center also occur. The surface of the hat is smooth to finely flaked, with translucent grooves or not, gray-brown to almost black and rarely with blue tones. The lamellae are absent, veiny or developed normally. They run down the stalk , are mostly distant from each other, sometimes fork or are cross-veined. They are gray to gray-brown in color. The spore powder is white. The stem is either missing or has grown laterally, off-center or in the middle of the hat. It measures 2–70 × 0.5–6 mm, has a cylindrical to compressed shape and a smooth or downy stem bark. The color matches the hat or is paler. The thin meat ( trama ) tastes unspecific, but smells clearly of pelargonium .
Microscopic features
The spores are approximately spherical, elliptical, egg-shaped, almond-shaped, cylindrical or teardrop-shaped. They are transparent ( hyaline ), smooth, thin-walled, show no color reaction ( inamyloid ) when iodine reagents are added and cannot be stained with cotton blue (acyanophil). The spore stands ( basidia ) are 2- or 4-spore. The cystids on the lamellar edges (cheilocystids) are usually missing, otherwise they have a simple cylindrical or club-like to slim bottle-like shape. In addition, the elements are transparent and thin-walled. On the other hand, cystids (pleurocystids) never appear on the lamellar surfaces. The stem bark also has no cystids (Kaulozystiden), but cylindrical to clubbed, short to long hair is often present. The hat covering layer ( Pileipellis ) is a cutis or a poorly developed Trichoderm. The pigment is usually encrusting. Buckles are either present or absent.
Ecology and phenology
Adermosslinge live saprobionic or parasitic on mosses . They often grow on bare ground with pioneer vegetation in the mountains, on heathland, in raised bogs and open grasslands. They rarely colonize wood in forests, but never the leaf and coniferous litter.
If the weather is favorable, the fruiting bodies appear all year round, either individually or in groups.
species
The genus includes around 60 species worldwide. In Europe 35 taxa occur or are to be expected there.
| Adermosslinge ( Arrhenia ) in Europe |
Gray vein
mossling Arrhenia acerosa
Blue-green vein
mossling Arrhenia chlorocyanea
Wood
mossling Arrhenia epichysium
Felt-handled marsh
mossling Arrhenia fusconigra
Lobed vein
mossling Arrhenia lobata
Sepia brown vein
mossling Arrhenia obscurata
Pale vein
mossling Arrhenia retiruga
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Origin of name
The German vernacular name "Adermoosling" refers to the often veiny lamellae of the fruiting bodies and the association of the mushroom species with mosses. The scientific name "Arrhenia" honors the Swedish mycologist Johan Arrhenius .
swell
literature
- Frieder Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe. Part I . In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften 13 . Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft , 2006, ISSN 0944-2820 (master key; generic key; species key for Röhrlinge and relatives, wax leafs, light-leaved mushrooms, light-leaved ones and red blooms).
- Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ D. Jean Lodge, Mahajabeen Padamsee, P. Brandon Matheny, M. Catherine Aime, Sharon A. Cantrell, David Boertmann, Alexander Kovalenko, Alfredo Vizzini, Bryn TM Dentinger, Paul M. Kirk, A. Martyn Ainsworth, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, Ellen Larsson, Robert Lücking, Gareth W. Griffith, Matthew E. Smith, Lorelei L. Norvell, Dennis E. Desjardin, Scott A. Redhead, Clark L. Ovrebo, Edgar B. Lickey, Enrico Ercole, Karen W. Hughes, Régis Courtecuisse, Anthony Young, Manfred Binder, Andrew M. Minnis, Daniel L. Lindner, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, John Haight, Thomas Læssøe, Timothy J. Baroni, József Geml, Tsutomu Hattori: Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) . In: Fungal Diversity . January 2014, doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0259-0 ( Online [PDF; 4.3 MB ]).
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae . tape 2 , 1849, p. 259-572 ( online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
- ↑ a b c d Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera . Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (English, revision of Nordic Macromycetes Volume 2; incl. CD “MycoKey 3.1”).
- ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Arrhenia . In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. July 16, 2008, archived from the original on June 22, 2012 ; accessed on August 18, 2012 (including update no. 53).
- ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X (incl. CD with over 600 descriptions of the genre).
- ^ Marinus Anton Donk: The Generic Names Proposed for Hymenomycetes. VII. Thelephoraceae . In: Taxon . tape 6 , no. 3 , 1957, ISSN 0040-0262 , pp. 68-85 , JSTOR : 1217865 .
