Flenio

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Flenio or Flenium was a Roman settlement in the province of Germania Inferior on the road from Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum ( Nijmegen ) to Lugdunum Batavorum ( Katwijk ). In the current state structure, the place is to be found in the Dutch province of South Holland .

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Flenio on the Tabula Peutingeriana

Flenio can be found on the Tabula Peutingeriana , originally from the third century . It is widely believed that the Flenio on the Peutinger card is a typographical or copyist mistake . The name of the place was probably Elinium or Elenio , a reference to the confluence of the Meuse and Waal , which was called Helinium in Roman times. The Tabula Peutingeriana shows the situation in the early third century CE, when there was a road connection from Noviomagus Batavorum, the capital of the Batavian Civitas , to Forum Hadriani , the capital of the Cananefaten Civitas , which continued from the latter to Lugdunum Batavorum , the westernmost settlement on the Rhine. This road largely followed the course of the Waal and Maas, which are shown on the Peutinger map as a river with the name Patabus (a spelling or a spelling or copying error of Batavus). Flenio was one of the stops along this road, at a distance of twelve Leugen (around 26.5 km) from Forum Hadriani and 18 Leugen (around 40 km) from Tablis .

Localization attempts

Apart from the mention on the Peutinger map, no concrete archaeological or historical evidence of the location of Flenium has been found so far. However, there has been no lack of speculation. In the 18th century, the French cartographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville suspected Flenium in Vlaardingen , and the Dutch local historian Jacobus Kok visited it on the former island of Putten . Also in Crooswijk , a district of Rotterdam at the mouth of the Rotte , a connection to Roman finds made there was sought at the end of the 19th century. Vlaardingen appears to be the most likely location so far, given the distances shown on the Peutinger map. Traces of Roman settlements have been found in Vlaardingen, but there are still no indications of a larger settlement. Several authors have also suggested that Flenio may have been a coastal defense fortress located near what is now Oostvoorne , where stones and fragments of foundations were observed in 1752 when the water level was extremely low. Dredging in this area resulted in many Roman finds in the 20th century. This location seems less likely, however, as Flenium is well north of the Meuse at some distance from the coast on the Peutinger map, while Oostvoorne is much closer to the coast and south of the Meuse. Naaldwijk was also proposed as the latest option . In Naaldwijk-Hoogwerf evidence of a Roman naval station was found. The problem with this hypothesis is that the distance between Naaldwijk and Forum Hadriani is much smaller than indicated on the Peutinger map.

literature

  • Paul van der Heijden: Onderzoek naar de Lokatie van de zuidelijke route op de Tabula Peutingeriana . Nijmegen 1997 ( digitized version ), with a detailed bibliography.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tab. Peut. Segment II, 2
  2. ^ Paul van der Heijden: Onderzoek naar de Lokatie van de zuidelijke route op de Tabula Peutingeriana . Nijmegen 1997 ( digitized version ), with a detailed bibliography.
  3. ^ Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville: Notice de l'ancienne Gaule. Tirée des monumens romains . Desaint & Saillant & Durand, Paris 1740, pp. 312-315, digitized from Google Books .
  4. ^ Jacobus Kok: 1786. Vaderlandsch woordenboek , Volume 15, 1786, p. 215, digitized at Google Books .
  5. ↑ G. Rijken: De Rottestroom . In: JHW Unger (Red.): Rotterdamsch Jaarboekje, Tweede Jaargang . PM Bazendijk, Rotterdam 1890, pp. 253-268, digitized
  6. ↑ TM Buijtendorp: Forum Hadriani. De vergeten stad van Hadrianus. Ontwikkeling, uiterlijk en betekenis van het 'Nederlands Pompeji' . Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2010, p. 723 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Wilfried AM Hessing: The Dutch coastal area . In: Tilmann Bechert and Willem JH Willems (Hrsg.): The Roman border between the Moselle and the North Sea coast . Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1189-2 , pp. 98f.
  8. ^ Willem JH Willems & Harry van Enckevort: Ulpia Noviomagus. Roman Nijmegen, the Batavian capital at the imperial frontier . In: Journal of Roman Archeology , Supplementary Series 73, Portsmouth, 2009.