Grinnes
| Grinnes | |
|---|---|
| Alternative name | Grinnibus |
| limes | Lower Germanic Limes |
| section | Meuse line |
| State of preservation | no reliable archaeological evidence |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 48 '0 " N , 5 ° 21' 0" E |
| Previous | Ad Duodecimum (east) |
| Subsequently |
Caspingium (west) |
Grinnes or Grinnibus was a Roman settlement in the province of Germania Inferior on the road from Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum ( Nijmegen ) to Lugdunum Batavorum ( Katwijk ). Grinnes is probably in the area of today's Rossum , a village in the municipality of Maasdriel in the province of Gelderland .
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Grinnes is mentioned in the Histories of Tacitus and is recorded on the Tabula Peutingeriana .
According to Tacitus' account of the Batavian Rebellion , Grinnes was one of the places Julius Civilis attacked in AD 70. During a major offensive, the Batavians simultaneously attacked the army locations Harenatium ( Kleve - cattle ), Batavodurum (Nijmegen), Grinnes and Vada (Kessel?). There were stores of auxiliary units in Grinnes and Vada . The attack on Grinnes was led by Julius Classicus . At first the Roman forces were on the defensive, but after Quintus Petillius Cerialis appeared on the battlefield with his cavalry, the Batavian invaders were defeated. Classicus escaped by boat on the Meuse. After the uprising, the Romans built a fort in Grinnes, but no archaeological evidence has been found to date.
The Tabula Peutingeriana shows the situation in the early third century CE, when there was a road connection from Noviomagus Batavorum, the capital of the Batavian Civitas , to Forum Hadriani , the capital of the Cananefaten Civitas , which continued from the latter to Lugdunum Batavorum , the westernmost settlement on the Rhine. This road largely followed the course of the Waal and Maas, which are shown on the Peutinger map as a river with the name Patabus (a spelling or a spelling or copying error of Batavus). Grinnes was one of the stops along this road, 18 Leugen (around 40 km) from Caspingium and six Leugen (around 13 km) from Ad Duodecimum .
Localization
The location of Grinnes is not known with certainty, but historians and archaeologists mostly suspect it to be in the area of today's Gelderland Rossum in the Bommelerwaard . Probably there was a more important settlement there since the late Iron Age, which stretched on both banks of the Meuse. In Rossum numerous roof tiles with military stamps and stones used for building, as well as coins came to light that make it possible to localize Grinnes in this area.
literature
- Tilmann Bechert , Harry van Enckevoort and Willem JH Willems : From the Lippe to the Waal . In: Tilmann Bechert and Willem J. H. Willems (eds.): The Roman border between the Moselle and the North Sea coast . Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1189-2 , pp. 71f.
- Paul van der Heijden: Onderzoek naar de Lokatie van de zuidelijke route op de Tabula Peutingeriana . Nijmegen 1997 ( digitized version ), with a detailed bibliography.
Web links
- Grinnes (Rossum) on the website of the Dutch historian Jona Lendering (English), accessed on December 1, 2018
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tac. Hist V, 20-21.
- ↑ Tab. Peut. Segment II, 2
- ^ Paul van der Heijden: Onderzoek naar de Lokatie van de zuidelijke route op de Tabula Peutingeriana . Nijmegen 1997 ( digitized version ), with a detailed bibliography.
- ↑ Nico Roymans: Ethnic Identity and Imperial Power. The Batavians in the Early Roman Empire . Amsterdam Archaeological Studies, 10, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2004, pp. 144–146 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Tilmann Bechert, Harry van Enckevoort and Willem JH Willems: From the Lippe to the Waal . In: Tilmann Bechert and Willem J. H. Willems (eds.): The Roman border between the Moselle and the North Sea coast . Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1189-2 , pp. 71f.
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