Fleet consumption

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Fleet consumption describes the average fuel consumption of a vehicle fleet . The term is also used for aircraft fleets.

The term fleet covers vehicles from a selected group. The composition of the group can be very different, for example:

  • all vehicles of a company,
  • all vehicles of a manufacturer,
  • all vehicles of a vehicle class (e.g. trucks, cars or small cars).
  • all vehicles of a vehicle type

The value does not provide any information about the transport service provided or the utilization of the vehicles, but merely reflects the ratio of fuel consumption per distance traveled as an overall average.

The fleet consumption is used to compare the efficiency of the vehicles in terms of fuel consumption. For example, a company can use the fleet consumption to estimate whether newly purchased vehicles in the fleet allow a reduction in the average fuel consumption per kilometer driven and the associated costs.

If you look at the fleet consumption of all vehicles in a country, on the one hand the development of size and motorization and on the other hand the efficiency of the vehicles have a mutually opposing influence. The reduction in fleet consumption is considered a parameter for evaluating average fuel consumption, also with regard to environmental protection and resource conservation .

The fleet consumption of all models (vehicle types) of a motor vehicle manufacturer is seen as a measure of its efforts to develop fuel-efficient vehicles. The product range also has a major influence.

In the area of ​​passenger transport (e.g. buses, airplanes), it is sometimes also common to specify fuel consumption per person- kilometer. For example, airlines use this to indicate fuel consumption for their fleet of a certain type of aircraft.

Calculation of the fleet consumption

The fleet consumption ( ) is obtained by dividing the total fuel consumption ( ) by the sum of the mileage of all vehicles ( ) within the group.

Depending on the legal basis, other factors must be taken into account in the calculation. Basically, the fleet consumption for fuel is given in liters per 100 kilometers and for CO 2 in grams per kilometer.

European Union

In 1995 the EU Commission first adopted a community strategy to reduce CO 2 emissions from passenger cars with 3 main aspects:

  1. Voluntary commitments by the automotive industry to reduce emissions
  2. Better information for consumers
  3. Promotion of vehicles with low fuel consumption through tax measures.

In June 1996 the Council of Europe welcomed the Commission's approach.

The Association of European Automobile Manufacturers ( ACEA ) committed itself in 1998 to reducing fleet consumption (the average CO 2 emissions of new cars sold) to 140 g / km by 2008. In 1999 the associations of the Japanese (or Korean) automobile manufacturers JAMA and KAMA followed this obligation in 2009.

Law

In Decision No. 1753/2000 / EC of June 22, 2000 on the establishment of a system for monitoring the average specific CO2 emissions of new passenger cars, the European Parliament and the Council had set 120 g / km (5 liters / 100 km for petrol engines and 4 , 5 liters / 100 km for diesel engines) on average for CO2 emissions as a target for 2005 (2010 at the latest). The decision refers to the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, which provides for a reduction in the concentration of greenhouse gases in order to stabilize them in the atmosphere as a long-term goal so that the concentration excludes dangerous anthropogenic disturbances of the climate system. The parties to the Kyoto Protocol are committed to making demonstrable progress by 2005.

Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 sets a limit value of 130 g CO 2 / km for fleet consumption . This will be reduced to 95 g CO 2 / km by 2020 .

The calculation of the fleet consumption is carried out by the automobile manufacturer. So-called super credits have been negotiated for electric cars . Thus, selling an electric car disproportionately lowers overall fleet consumption. Similar effects also occur in US climate policy (see Corporate Average Fuel Economy ).

Regulation (EU) 2019/631 replaces Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 from 2020 and stipulates that carbon dioxide emissions from new vehicles should be reduced by 15 percent by 2025 and by 37.5 percent by 2030 compared to 2021. This means that the fleet emissions in 2030 may only be 59.4 g CO 2 / km.

In February 2016, the European Commission and the International Civil Aviation Organization agreed on a standard for CO 2 emissions from aircraft.

Car fleet consumption

Monitoring of CO2 emissions from passenger cars - Regulation (EC) No 443/2009
CO 2 fleet consumption for cars in the EU

The new vehicles sold across Europe in 2017 had a fleet consumption of 118.5 g CO 2 / km. That was 0.4 grams more than in the previous year.

The average CO 2 emissions of the new cars sold in Germany in 2017 was 127.1 grams per kilometer.

According to the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers ( ACEA ), the average CO 2 emissions of European vehicles in 2018 was 120.6 g / km. In Germany, however, the consumption of new cars is significantly higher at 129.9 g CO 2 / km, while in the Netherlands it is 105.5 g CO 2 / km.

According to data published in June 2019 by the European Environment Agency (EEA), the average emissions (CO 2 ) of new cars registered in the European Union (EU) rose for the second time in a row to 120.4 g CO 2 in 2018 per kilometer. For the first time, the average CO 2 emissions of new vans also rose, which was 158.1 g CO 2 / km for 2018 .

Here is an overview of the different average g CO 2 / km for newly registered cars in Europe in 2016.

International

Fleet targets: In the USA, 121 g / km are mandatory by 2020, in China 117 g / km, in Japan 105 g / km.

criticism

The value can also be influenced by changing the calculation bases and methods (e.g. for detailed evaluations, lobbying or marketing purposes). For example, the standard consumption of the vehicles is usually compared without taking into account that the real consumption deviates from the standard consumption. The chemical composition (see petrol ) plays a role in fuel consumption . The specific fuel consumption also depends on other factors (e.g. driving habits in winter).

According to an analysis by the International Council on Clean Transportation , real consumption was 10% above the official manufacturer's figures in 2001, 25% in 2011 and 42% in 2015. The Auto Club Europa achieved an average of 19.6% higher consumption in 2012. According to a test by the ADAC , the standard information in 2007 was up to 25% too low. For some models, the additional consumption in 2013 was over 40%.

For the calculation of legal upper limits of the fleet consumption z. Sometimes other calculation methods are used, which reduce the influence of models with particularly high consumption on the calculation result.

For example, the evaluation of electric cars , which are included in the fleet with a higher factor, namely up to 2013 with a factor of 1.3 and from 2020 to 2023 with factors between 2 and 1, capped at 7.5 g / km, is rated critically on total consumption. Bonuses are also granted for plug-in hybrids in that the previously charged electrical energy is not taken into account when calculating the standard consumption by means of the driving cycle .

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Dietsche, Thomas Jäger, Robert Bosch GmbH: Automotive pocket book. 25th edition. Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-528-23876-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Air Berlin 2015 on-board magazine
  2. ↑ z. B. in accordance with (EC) No. 715/2007  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bmub.bund.de  
  3. ↑ Information on the Passenger Car Energy Consumption Labeling Ordinance ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pkw-label.de
  4. ↑ a b c Article 1 of Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 (PDF) .
  5. ↑ a b Decision No. 1753/2000 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 22, 2000 on the establishment of a system for monitoring the average specific CO2 emissions of new passenger cars. In: EUR-Lex - 32000D1753 - DE. EU, accessed on September 11, 2019 (German).
  6. ↑ Limiting CO2 emissions from passenger cars , European Parliament press release of February 25, 2014, accessed on January 4, 2015.
  7. ↑ sueddeutsche.de
  8. ↑ Brussels: EU resolves stricter CO2 limits for new cars . In: Spiegel Online . December 17, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed January 11, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Christian Frahm: Stricter CO2 limit values: Now there is no turning back . In: Spiegel Online . December 18, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed January 11, 2019]).
  10. ↑ Andreas Of, Thomas Harloff: EU states agree on limit values: Brussels drastically tightened CO2 requirements. In: auto motor und sport. December 18, 2018, accessed January 11, 2019 .
  11. ^ European Commission - Statement: Commission welcomes landmark deal on CO2 standard for aircraft emissions , February 9, 2016
  12. ↑ EU: CO2 emissions from new vehicles in 2017 higher than in the previous year. Federal Environment Agency, May 9, 2018, accessed on January 11, 2019 .
  13. ↑ No improvements on average CO2 emissions from new cars in 2017. European Environment Agency, April 23, 2018, accessed on January 11, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Key Figures | ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers' Association. Retrieved September 11, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Interactive map: CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU | European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA). Retrieved September 11, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Average CO2 emissions from new passenger cars sold in EU-28 Member States plus Norway, Iceland and Switzerland in 2016. Retrieved on June 3, 2019 .
  17. ↑ VDA. Retrieved September 11, 2019 .
  18. ^ From Laboratory to Road , International Council on Clean Transportation, May 27, 2013
  19. ↑ New cars swallow 25 percent more than stated , welt.de, May 28, 2013
  20. ↑ Uwe Tietge, Sonsoles Díaz, Peter Mock, John German, Anup Bandivadekar (ICCT), and Norbert Ligterink (TNO): From laboratory to road: A 2016 update. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), November 16, 2016, accessed November 17, 2016 .
  21. ↑ This is how manufacturers trick the standard consumption , handelsblatt.com, March 15, 2012
  22. ↑ Fuel consumption in the catalog hui, in practice pfui , Focus, November 27, 2007
  23. ↑ Frank-Thomas Wenzel: Economical only in the prospectus In: Frankfurter Rundschau from September 28, 2014
  24. ↑ Electric mobility for fleet consumption , Markt und Mittelstand, April 9, 2013, accessed August 19, 2015
  25. ↑ European Commission: Reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars. November 23, 2016, accessed January 29, 2019 .
  26. ↑ One Golf, two tanks - calculation formula unacceptable from the customer's point of view , Die Zeit, July 5, 2011, accessed August 19, 2015