Vehicle fleet
Fuhrpark (or Wagenpark ; colloquially also fleet ; English fleet ) is the totality of vehicles and wagons of organizations such as companies , authorities , circuses or military units .
General
With a vehicle fleet, these organizations make themselves independent of the services of freight forwarders or public transport . The vehicles are under uniform management ( fleet management ) and are uniformly dispatched .
Fleet and readiness to drive are complementary terms. Car service refers not only to the number of immediately deployable fleet vehicles, but also the dedicated staff strength (with etwaigem Emergency Service ) to drivers .
railroad
The rolling stock of railway companies is usually divided into locomotives and railroad cars . In the case of S-Bahns , U-Bahns and trams , on the other hand, multiple units and multiple units are predominant. In the case of locomotives , a distinction is made according to the primary drive energy, steam locomotives , diesel locomotives and electric locomotives . The fleet of a railway usually consists of passenger coaches and freight cars . There are special versions of passenger cars: double-decker cars , sleeping cars , saloon cars or dining cars . These are put together to form trains in so-called wagon fleets .
Fleet
.jpg)
The term “wagon fleet” originally referred to the wagons of a column in the military, which are put together to form a wagon castle in the evening . In the railway industry , the term is used for a combination of passenger cars for train formation . Together with a locomotive, the fleet of vehicles makes a train . Most vehicles remain a car park for an extended period coupled together and o only when defects. Ä. Replaced while the locomotive different vehicles come from the fleet used. Occasionally the term “park” also includes the motor vehicle, even if in this case and when the motor vehicle is put together, it is more of a set .
A fleet of vehicles that is not used as planned is referred to as a replacement vehicle fleet. In the case of rail traffic, if a train is canceled or delayed, a replacement composition can be put together from existing rolling stock. A fleet of replacement vehicles can also be used for major events, extensive maintenance work or vehicle revolutions interrupted by construction work, for example as a relief train . Often, wagons of a lower class of train are used for this purpose, which can lead to a loss of comfort and lower travel speed . Replacement vehicle fleets are also used for dispatching trains.
Legal issues
In the accounting , the vehicle fleet is one of the operating resources that are summarized in a company's property, plant and equipment in accordance with Section 266 (2) II No. 3 HGB . It is capitalized at cost . The useful life depends on the type of means of transport and its degree of use .
economic aspects
Fleet-intensive businesses, particularly in the sales logistics , the trucking companies , delivery services and charter traffic ( rail freight as DB Cargo , cargo planes , cargo ships ) and the Car Rental of car rental or taxi companies . With them, the vehicle fleet makes up a large proportion of the balance sheet total . The vehicle fleet also plays a significant role in parliaments ( transport service of the German Bundestag ), in the military ( BwFuhrparkService , flight readiness of the Federal Ministry of Defense ), police and rescue services .
The vehicle fleet generates costs , namely personnel costs ( drivers , dispatchers ), depreciation on vehicles, taxes , fuel , insurance premiums and maintenance costs . Therefore, it can make economic sense not to purchase the vehicles yourself, but to organize the vehicle fleet as part of the leasing . This is only prohibited where ownership of the vehicle fleet is necessary for strategic reasons (e.g. in the military). The need to increase efficiency of a fleet is constructed through its high fixed costs , so that a high utilization rate is required, in which the transport problem of idle capacity costs should be optimized and thereby cost reductions can be expected.
Trade journal
Autoflotte is a specialist magazine for fleet management.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler (ed.), Gablers Wirtschafts-Lexikon , Volume 2, 1984, Sp. 1624 f.
- ↑ Peter Klaus / Winfried Krieger (eds.), Gabler Lexikon Logistik , 2000, p. 158
- ↑ Vehicle fleet . In: Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . 4., reworked. and greatly increased edition, Volume 18: Türkisches Reich – Wechsler , self-published, Altenburg 1864, p. 744 .
- ↑ Peter Klaus / Winfried Krieger (eds.), Gabler Lexikon Logistik , 2000, p. 479
