Fleet management
Fleet management and fleet management describe the administration, planning, control and monitoring of vehicle fleets ( vehicle fleet ). The distances traveled by vehicles ( truck , car , ship , train , bus ) are coordinated, evaluated and optimized with the inclusion of certain influencing parameters. Vehicle fleet and fleet management should help to use all resources and services in the best possible way and to identify problems early on, fix them or avoid them. Piggyback , intermodal and multimodal transport , which combine several modes of transport for the transport of goods, are special forms .
The state of the art is digital fleet or vehicle fleet management. Complex software-supported systems are used here, which support the work of the user - for example the dispatcher of a transport company - with telemetric data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and technical data on the current vehicle condition. The important goals of systematic vehicle fleet and fleet management include relieving the burden on dispatching, optimizing route planning, as well as operational process optimization and cost reductions.
Applications
There is no fixed definition for the term “fleet management”. Fleet management service providers have different conceptions of terms. As a rule, fleet management includes fleet management and controlling. For this purpose, a device can be installed in the vehicle that regularly records data and either stores it in an internal memory, from which it can then be read out later, or automatically sends the data to a data server at intervals via GPRS or SMS . A simple device configuration only collects the position data of the vehicle via GPS. If the data logger is also connected to the vehicle diagnosis system, data from the on-board diagnosis can also be queried and collected. The FMS standard , which regulates which data can / may be read from the vehicle CAN bus by a fleet management system, is of major importance here . This not only results in a profile of the distance covered, but the respective driving situation and the operating status of the vehicle can also be monitored. An additional acceleration sensor can provide data on extreme braking and acceleration maneuvers and, if necessary, indicate an accident. If previously defined limit values are exceeded, an alarm message can be sent to the operator by SMS or via the data server ( machine to machine ). Interesting values include:
- Vehicle speed (this could also be calculated using the GPS data)
- Engine speed
- Coolant temperature
- Fault memory
- Fuel consumption for buses or trucks via the CAN bus
In older vehicles without a CAN bus, the fuel consumption can then be approximately calculated from various measured values . In order to improve flexibility, modern systems for fleet management (telematics systems) offer the option of retrofitting individual sensors and wirelessly connecting them to the system, for example a temperature sensor for a trailer.
Fleet management is mainly used in companies with a large number of company cars , forwarding agents , taxi services , car rental companies , rescue organizations and in shipping . Basically, one speaks of fleet management when many vehicles are serviced , repaired and coordinated every day . The provision of load securing systems in road haulage also falls into this area of responsibility, as does the replacement of lashing straps after they are discarded . Web-based solutions are becoming increasingly popular . These are u. a. also interesting for service organizations in the craft sector.
Vehicle fleets in Germany
In Germany there are around 1.6 million company fleets with almost four million vehicles (2011). The area of responsibility of the fleet manager includes some complex topics such as the organization of fleet insurance and claims management or the cooperation with leasing and fleet management providers. The interests of the fleet managers and those responsible for the fleet are represented by the Bundesverband Fuhrparkmanagement eV , among others . The Dekra Academy and the TÜV Rheinland Academy offer further training to become a fleet manager .
privacy
The fleet management options, together with a data logger, enable full driver monitoring. This can lead to an impairment of personal rights . Unobserved movement is no longer possible for the person concerned, as they are under pressure to adapt and behave as expected (e.g. by the employer). A weighing of interests must therefore take place between the control interests of the operator and the data protection interests of the person concerned. The legal basis for the use of a monitoring solution can be between the employee and the employer . a. are created through the consent of the employee in the employment relationship or a works agreement . The rights of located persons who are not contractual partners of the service provider (e.g. passengers in a monitored taxi or bus ) must also be observed . Secret tracking (for example of a spouse ) is not permitted under data protection law.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Telematikwissen.de | http://telematikwissen.de/funktion/technisches-fahrzeugmanagement/
- ^ Federal Association of Fleet Management
- ↑ Meike Kamp and Maren Raguse: Orientation yes, surveillance no! Location-based services put to the test ( memento of the original from September 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 204 kB) Independent State Center for Data Protection Schleswig-Holstein
