Fort Black Jack
The Fort Blackjack (also Fort blackjack or Camp Black Jack ) was a 15-hectare military facilities on the southern outskirts of Inneringen , until January 1, 1975 an independent municipality in the district of Sigmaringen , in Baden-Wuerttemberg . It was believed to have served as a French and later American location for nuclear warheads during the Cold War . The site in Inneringen, today a district of Hettingen , was subsequently developed as the "Bergwiesen" industrial park.
history
The military use of the site on the Swabian Alb about 13 km north of Sigmaringen began when the French Air Force ( Armée de l'air ) established itself there in 1959 . From 1960 to 1966 the 3rd btry 520e Bde was stationed in Inneringen. Inneringen was expanded under them to position anti-aircraft missiles of the Nike Ajax type and from 1964/65 the Nike Hercules type . This was done under NATO in support of the United States 357th Artillery Detachment. When the French withdrew from the United States in 1966, the site was initially closed and shut down, but then reopened by the US armed forces.
As Fort Black Jack it belonged from 1969 to 1974 to the Neu-Ulm- based 1st Battalion of the 81st Field Artillery Regiment of the 7th US Army and then, until withdrawal in July 1983, to the 1st Battalion of the 41st Field Artillery Regiment, based in Schwäbisch Gmünd was at home. A total of nine Pershing IA missiles with nuclear warheads are said to have been permanently operational between 1969 and July 1983 . There were three launch ramps on each of the concrete surfaces outside.
Inneringen first received media attention through the news magazine Der Spiegel , issue 45/1972. The article reported on military simulations with medium-range missiles of the Pershing IA type , which can act as a carrier system for a nuclear warhead, of the 1st Battalion of the Mobile 81st Artillery Regiment in Inneringen. In 1982, Der Spiegel reported in its investigative journalism of the so-called Combat Alert Sites (CAS for short, "Combat Alert" for ready-to-fight ) for the so-called Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) near Lehmgrube ( Kettershausen , also called Fort Von Steuben ), on the Waldheide ( Heilbronn , also called Fort Redleg ) and in Inneringen ( Fort Black Jack ). In its issue 6/1983 of February 7, 1983, Der Spiegel speculated about a possible stationing of Pershing II missiles if the Geneva disarmament negotiations, which were ongoing at the time, were unsuccessful. The next day the local newspaper Schwäbische Zeitung picked up this report, which among other things led to Inneringen being the target of a three-day peace march from April 1st to 3rd, 1983 , with most of the Easter marchers who had been aiming for Inneringen since the early 1960s the NATO double decision and the possible deployment of the new medium-range missiles. The peace movement assumed that Inneringen could be a preferred target for Russian missiles in the event of war.
The US armed forces withdrew from Inneringen on July 1, 1983. On Repentance Day 1983, November 16, the former US military base of 34 protesters, among them the former member of parliament who was then at 3 o'clock in the countryside , Willi Hoss , for almost nine-hour reception.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Former french Nike Air Defense guided missile site in Germany ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 5, 2011
- ↑ US Army Inneringen ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved January 5, 2011
- ↑ 56th Field Artillery Brigade ; Retrieved January 6, 2011
- ↑ Inneringen in the Pershing Wiki
- ↑ a b Lothar Liebsch, Lieutenant Colonel a. D. (LL): Inneringen, former nuclear weapons site, Germany ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . ed. for the "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War" (IPPNW), in Germany "IPPNW - German Section of International Doctors for the Prevention of Nuclear War / Doctors in Social Responsibility e. V. ", Darmstädter Signal, sponsoring group" Abolish nuclear weapons ", status: December 2009; Retrieved January 5, 2011
- ↑ US ARMY: Boom . In: Der Spiegel . No. 45/1972, pp. 63 f .; Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ↑ NUCLEAR MISSILE: Brakes fail . In: Der Spiegel. No. 45/1982, p. 31 f .; Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ↑ NUCLEAR WEAPONS: Network cemetery . In: Der Spiegel. No. 6/1983, p. 104 f .; Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ↑ Replacement of the Pershing 1 missile by Pershing 2? According to "Der Spiegel" in Inneringen: Ramp for the atomic quick shot . In: Schwäbische Zeitung. February 8, 1983, accessed January 5, 2011 (PDF; 165 kB).
- ↑ www.inneringen.de ; Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ↑ kws: "Peace March" from l. until April 3rd. The goals of the Easter marchers in 1983: "nuclear missile positions" Inneringen and Engstingen . In: Schwäbische Zeitung . March 24, 1983, accessed January 5, 2011 (PDF; 165 kB).
- ↑ Michael Schmid: 25 years ago: Easter March to nuclear missiles in Inneringen and Großengstingen , Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb - Community for social justice, peace and ecology e. V., March 21, 2008, accessed January 5, 2011.
- ↑ No more Pershing missiles. Americans have withdrawn from Inneringen. Use of the NATO base open . In: Schwäbische Zeitung. July 27, 1983, accessed on January 5, 2011 (PDF; 355 kB).
- ^ Occupation campaign in November 1983. Retrieved on January 5, 2011 (PDF; 187 kB); .
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 39 ″ N , 9 ° 17 ′ 14 ″ E