yaws

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
A66.0 Primary lesion in yaws
A66.1 Multiple papillomas and crab scaly
A66.2 Other skin lesions in the early stages of yaws
A66.3 Hyperkeratosis in yaws
A66.4 Gummata and ulcers in yaws
A66.5 Gangosa
A66.6 Changes in the bones and joints in the case of yaws
A66.7 Other manifestations of yaws
A66.8 Latent yaws
A66.9 Yaws, unspecified
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Framösie is a non-venereal infectious disease from the group of tropical treponematoses that occurs in tropical regions and is caused by the bacterium Treponema pertenue .

Disease name

The name Frambösie or Framboesia tropica for this disease goes back to the French word framboise for raspberry , which characterizes the appearance of the skin changes caused.

Various other names are common for this disease, besides Polypapilloma tropicum and Buba in German raspberry disease or raspberry pox . In English, the disease is also Yaws called French pian , Spanish Pian , Portuguese pià or bouba, malay her name Parangi or Paru.

Pathogen

The causative agent of yaws is the bacterium Treponema pertenue from the family of spirochetes , which was first detected by Aldo Castellani in 1905 . Transmission occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact or insect bites (e.g. meat flies ), often in early childhood or in adolescents. The poorer sections of the population are particularly affected, presumably due to cramped living conditions.

Epidemiology

Countries with endemic occurrence of Framboesia in 2016 and before.

Before the WHO's widespread therapy campaigns in the 1950s, around 50 to 100 million people were infected with Treponema pertenue . In the 1980s , fewer than 500 cases occurred annually in the Western Hemisphere. The WHO estimate from 1995 assumed 2 to 5 million patients. In 2007 it was reported that in the absence of adequate prevention, this epidemic was spreading again among the rural poor, particularly in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In 2015, the number of annual illnesses in 13 countries was given as 65,000; However, it can be assumed that not all cases, especially not all affected countries, were recorded. 84% of the recorded cases occurred in only three states ( Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands , and Ghana ). The number of cases reported for 2016 was 33,891 for the countries of Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands 18,082, Indonesia 2762, Ivory Coast 1581 and Ghana 1481. In 2017, the number of annual illnesses was estimated at 46,000. In 2018, 14 states reported cases of the disease to WHO, with India officially declared clear of the disease in 2016.

Symptoms

yaws

First stage

After an incubation period of three to four weeks, usually forms on the lower leg in children in the face and in lactating women and on the chest as, primary lesion is a painless, itchy, oozing "raspberry-like" Papel sometimes a painless - ulcer - from which is accompanied by regional lymph node swelling .

Second stage

A few weeks after their healing, papules appear in the second stage, the so-called secondary stage, also on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, which are similar to the primary lesion, but are often superinfected .

Third stage

In the so-called latency stage , patients are symptom - free for five to ten years, but recurrences can occur.

Fourth stage

The fourth or "tertiary stage" of the disease is characterized by gumma-like changes in the bones and joints that lead to their destruction, so that z. B. the shin can be deformed to the saber sheath tibia . A cleft lip and palate or a saddle nose , as in syphilis , can also develop.

therapy

The disease can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin with good prospects of recovery. A 2012 study in Papua New Guinea showed that a single tablet of the antibiotic azithromycin worked as well as a penicillin injection in children . This made the therapy much easier, since the penicillin has to be administered by injection. In 2012, the WHO then decided on a strategy to eradicate the disease by 2020. The success of these efforts is threatened by the fact that the bacterium can become resistant to azithromycin.

literature

Web links

Commons : Framosity  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual references, footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Leonie Müßig: In focus: yaw disease - neglected childhood disease. In: DSW. German Foundation for World Population (DSW), June 20, 2017, accessed on July 17, 2020 (German).
  2. ↑ B. Dofitas, p Kalim, C. Toledo, J. Richardus: Yaws in the Philippines: first reported cases since the 1970s. In: Infectious Diseases of Poverty. Volume 9, No. 1, January 30, 2020, doi: 10.1186 / s40249-019-0617-6 , PMID 31996251 , PMC 6990502.
  3. ^ Yaws status of endemicity and number of cases . Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  4. ↑ Return of the yaws. ( Memento from September 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . January 30, 2007.
  5. ↑ a b Oriol Mitjà, Michael Marks, Diby JP Konan, Gilbert Ayelo, Camila Gonzalez-Beiras, Bernard Boua, Wendy Houinei, Yiragnima Kobara, Earnest N Tabah, Agana Nsiire, Damas Obvala, Fasiah Taleo, Rita Djupuri, Zhang Zaixing, Jürg Utzinger, Lasse S Vestergaard, Quique Bassat, Kingsley Asiedu: Global epidemiology of yaws: a systematic review . In: The Lancet. Global Health . tape 3 , no. 6 , May 19, 2015, ISSN  2214-109X , p. e324 – e331 , doi : 10.1016 / S2214-109X (15) 00011-X , PMID 26001576 , PMC 4696519 (free full text).
  6. ^ A b David Mabey: Mapping the geographical distribution of yaws . In: The Lancet Global Health . tape 3 , no. 6 , June 2015, p. e300 – e301 , doi : 10.1016 / S2214-109X (15) 00003-0 .
  7. ↑ GHO | By category | Number of cases of yaws reported - Data by country. In: Global Health Observatory data repository. World Health Organization WHO, accessed on July 18, 2020 .
  8. ^ Yaws eradication. In: Yaws> Facts in pictures. World Health Organization WHO, February 28, 2018, accessed July 17, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Oriol Mitjà, Russell Hays, Anthony Ipai, Moses Penias, Raymond Paru, David Fagaho, Elisa de Lazzari, Quique Bassat: Single-dose azithromycin versus benzathine benzylpenicillin for treatment of yaws in children in Papua New Guinea: an open-label, non -inferiority, randomized trial . In: The Lancet . tape 379 , no. 9813 . Elsevier BV, January 2012, p. 342-347 , doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (11) 61624-3 ( who.int [PDF]).
  10. ↑ WHO / Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: WHO | Eradication of yaws - the Morges Strategy. In: Neglected tropical diseases. World Health Organization WHO, May 18, 2012, accessed July 18, 2020 .
  11. ^ Michael Marks: Advances in the Treatment of Yaws . In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease . tape 3 , no. 3 . MDPI, August 29, 2018, ISSN  2414-6366 , p. 92 , doi : 10.3390 / tropicalmed3030092 , PMID 30274488 , PMC 6161241 (free full text).