Franciszek Fiedler

Franciszek Fiedler (actually: Efroim Truskier ; pseudonyms: Berent, Dżek, Leon Markiewicz, A. Szwarc, Keller, Winkler ; born September 12, 1880 in Warsaw ; † November 27, 1956 ibid) was a Polish politician and historian . He was a professor at the Warsaw University , a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences , a member of the Sejm and a member of the CPP Central Committee , the PPR and the PVAP .

Life

Fiedler came from a wealthy Jewish bourgeois family, the bourgeoisie . After completing the Matura in 1898 in a Warsaw high school, he began studying history at the 1900 University of Berlin . In 1901 he was expelled from Germany for political reasons, arrested in Warsaw and held in the Warsaw Citadel. From 1903 to 1905 and from 1906 to 1909 he continued his studies at the University of Zurich .

In 1905 Fiedler joined the social democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania ( Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy , SDKPiL) and took part in the 1905 revolution. He was an employee in the trade union department of the SDKPiL and in the committee of the social democratic trade unions. He worked for the Warsaw newspaper Trybuna ( Eng . "Tribune") and was a co-founder of the magazine Młot ( Eng . "Hammer"). 1911/1912 Fiedler was in prison. Later he was editor of the newspaper Nasza Trybuna (Eng. Our Tribune) in St. Petersburg . In 1915 he spent some time in Italy to treat his lung disease . Since 1916 he was a member of the main board of the SDKPiL. He led the talks on the merger of the SDKPiL with the PPS-Linke ( Polska Partia Socjalistyczna - Lewica ). From 1917 he was editor of the central organ of the SDKPiL, Czerwony Sztandar (Eng. "Red Banner"). From April to November 1917 he was held by the German authorities in camps in Lauban and Havelberg .

At the founding congress of the Communist Workers' Party of Poland ( Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski , KPRP; from 1925: Communist Party of Poland, Komunistyczna Partia Polski , KPP) in December 1918, he was elected to the Central Committee. In February 1920 he was arrested and imprisoned. He was released from prison after fourteen months in detention. In November 1922 he took part in the 4th World Congress of the Comintern as a delegate of the KPRP under the pseudonym Keller . At the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in Bolshevo near Moscow in 1923 , Fiedler was re-elected to the Central Committee, but was dismissed from this post in 1924. 1925/1926, he worked for the Comintern, in March 1925, he took the pseudonym Dżek on V. Enlarged Plenum of the ECCI part. From 1926 Fiedler stayed in Danzig , the seat of the headquarters of the KPP abroad. At the fourth party congress of the CPP in 1927 he was elected as a candidate for the Central Committee. When the foreign headquarters were relocated to Berlin in 1928, Fiedler moved to Berlin. He stayed there until Hitler's " seizure of power " in 1933. Then he went to Paris via Brussels . Fiedler was also in Paris when the CPP was dissolved by the Comintern in 1938. From 1942 he lived in Grenoble . In France he supported refugees from the Spanish Civil War and was active in the Resistance . He was one of the organizers of a circle of the Polish Workers' Party ( Polska Partia Robotnicza , PPR) in France. In 1945 he returned to Poland and taught the history of the labor movement, first at the Central Party School in Warsaw (1945-1948) and later at the University of Warsaw (since 1953 as a professor).

From 1945 to 1947 he was editor-in-chief of the communist weekly Trybuna Wolności (German "Tribune of Freedom") and from 1946 to 1952 of the theoretical magazine Nowe Drogi (German "New Paths"). In the early 1950s he was involved in drafting the constitution of the People's Republic of Poland. Since 1945 he was a member of the Central Committee of the PPR and the PVAP. In 1952 he was elected to the Sejm.

Fiedler participated in the establishment of the Historical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences ( Polska Akademia Nauk , PAN). In 1952 he became a full member of the Academy and a member of the PAN Presidium.

Working as a historian

Fiedler was particularly concerned with the history of the labor movement and the economic history of the Middle Ages and modern times. He has published numerous scientific publications, including:

• Tło gospodarcze przewrotu majowego (The economics of Maiputsches ), 1927th
• Luksemburgizm a kwestia chłopska (Luxembourgism and the Peasant Question), 1932.
• W sprawie chłopskiej (In the Peasants' War), 1933.
• Historyczne znaczenie Konstytucji 3 Maja (The Historical Significance of the Constitution of May 3 ), 1945.
• W 28 rocznicę Rewolucji Październikowej (28 Years of the October Revolution ), 1945.
• Za waszą wolność i naszą ( For your and our freedom , Berlin 1956), 1946.
• Sto lat «Manifestu Komunistycznego» (100 Years of the Communist Manifesto ), 1948.
• Uwagi w sprawie powstania i rozwoju państwa demokracji ludowej (Considerations on the Origin and Development of the People's Democratic State), 1950.

Awards

Fiedler was one of the first to be awarded the Order of Builders of People's Poland in 1949. He also received the Order Polonia Restituta (1st class), twice the Order of the Labor Banner (1st class) and the Grunwald Cross for his role in the resistance movement in France.

literature

• Biogramy uczonych polskich . Część I: Nauki społeczne , zeszyt 1 [A – J]. Zakład Narodowy Im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław 1983, p. 355.
• Lazitch, Branko: Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern . Hoover Institution Press, Stanford 1986, pp. 114f.

Web links

• Literature by and about Franciszek Fiedler in the catalog of the German National Library
• Article Franciszek Fiedler in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D116046~2a%3D~2b%3DFranciszek%20Fiedler