Franz Sauerwald
Franz Sauerwald (born June 11, 1894 in Spandau , † June 20, 1979 in Halle (Saale) ) was a German chemist ( physical chemistry , metallurgy ).
Life
Sauerwald studied chemistry at the Universities of Würzburg and Göttingen and received his doctorate in Göttingen in 1920 . He then completed his habilitation in 1922 at the University of Breslau , where he first became a private lecturer in metallurgy and metallurgy, then in 1926 an associate professor. During the time of National Socialism , prevented from pursuing another university career, he switched to industry and from 1937 worked in the Bitterfeld plant of IG Farben in the field of light metals. He headed the research department there from 1941 to 1945. In 1945 he became associate professor and in 1946 full professor for physical chemistry at the University of Halle and director of the institute for physical chemistry with a metal and materials laboratory. In 1963 he retired. His successor was his former doctoral student Horst Sackmann .
He was a pioneer in the field of metal research, as his numerous works on synthetic metal bodies and constitution research on light metal alloys show. In 1953 he became a member of the Leopoldina . In 1958 he was awarded the GDR National Prize. In 1964 he received the Plansee plaque for his fundamental contributions to the development of powder metallurgy . In 1965 the Bergakademie Freiberg awarded him an honorary doctorate. He was an honorary member of several scientific societies and co-editor of the journal for physical chemistry (from 1954).
He dealt with liquid mixed phases especially of molten metal and their properties (surface tension, density, internal friction), whereby he also developed measurement methods. At IG Farben, among other things, he dealt with the sintering process , which he described theoretically (1943), and with magnesium-thorium and magnesium-zirconium alloys. Magnesium alloys were important as a lightweight metal in aviation at that time. In 1937 he discovered that adding zirconium made the grains in the magnesium-zirconium mixture finer, which became known as the "zirconium refining effect". In the 1940s he applied for various patents on magnesium alloys (also in the USA in 1942) and on zinc-aluminum alloys.
Publications (selection)
- Textbook of metal science of iron and non-ferrous metals . Springer, 1929, doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-92199-5 .
- Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Reactions: A Guide to Theoretical Metallurgy . Springer, 1930.
literature
- Frank Kuschel: Mühlpforte No. 1 and physical chemistry at the University of Halle. The story of a university refuge. Diepholz, Berlin 2017, pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-3-86225-108-7 . Website .
- Winfried R. Pötsch (lead), Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists . Harri Deutsch 1989, ISBN 3-8171-1055-3 , p. 377.
- Horst Sackmann: Franz Sauerwald on his 70th birthday. In: Zeitschrift für Chemie, Volume 4. H. 6, 1964, doi : 10.1002 / zfch.19640040602 , pp. 201-202.
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Sauerwald in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on Franz Sauerwald in the Catalogus Professorum Halensis
Individual evidence
- ^ Dataset on Franz Sauerland in the Leopoldina archive
- ^ Member entry by Franz Sauerwald at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on January 29, 2016.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sauerwald, Franz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German chemist (physical chemistry, metallurgy) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 11, 1894 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Spandau |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 20, 1979 |
| Place of death | Halle (Saale) |