Franzi Loew

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Franziska "Franzi" Danneberg-Löw (born January 2, 1916 in Vienna ; † November 28, 1997 there ) was an Austrian resistance fighter .

Life

Franzi Löw and her twin sister Hilde were born into a well-off family. Her father had a doctorate in law and was director of the Northern Railway . After graduating from high school , Löw completed training at Ilse Arlt's welfare school . After graduating with a diploma, Löw applied for a position with the municipality of Vienna , but was rejected. So she began in September 1937 as a welfare worker for the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien (IKG). After the " Anschluss of Austria " she took over the guardianship of around 200 illegitimate Jewish minors from the Vienna community in August 1938 , which the community had given up and transferred to the IKG. She also acted as the legal representative of 20 mentally handicapped Jewish youths who were housed in a non-Jewish home and whose parents had emigrated . During the years of Nazi rule, Löw always tried to save the children from deportation. She was often successful in doing so. So she got baptismal certificates from deceased, "Aryan" men and used them as proof of the alleged paternity of the dead with the threatened children. As “ half-Jews ” they were not deported. After the deportation of the director Lily Neufeld in 1942, Franzi Löw led the welfare department of the IKG alone. She supported Jews in hiding, the so-called "U-Boats" , with food stamps . When camps for 600 Hungarian Jews were set up in Vienna in June 1944 , Löw organized clothing for the internees until the end of the war. She also kept in touch between families spread across several camps. In March 1945 she hid twelve internees with non-Jewish families. The Hungarians fled to the extermination camps shortly before they were deported.

After the liberation of Vienna by June 19, 1945, Löw took care of Jews who had survived in the city or who returned from the concentration camps on behalf of the religious community. After that, Löw entered the service of the City of Vienna as a welfare worker. Until her retirement in 1979, she worked as the main welfare worker in the health department. In 1948 Löw married the judge Dr. Wilhelm Danneberg, who had supported their acts of resistance during the Nazi era and had been suspended from service for being “friendly to Jews”. In 1966 Löw received the Golden Merit of the Republic of Austria . Holocaust survivors met Loew, however, after the war, often with suspicion, resentment and hatred, because they accused her as an employee of the "Judenrat" with the Nazis collaborated to have. The father of a child murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp reported Loew because she had allegedly delayed his child's departure.

Among those rescued by Franzi Löw are the writer Robert Schindel and the bodybuilder Harry Gelbfarb . Schindel created a literary monument with the figure of Esther in his play Dunkelstein , which was only premiered in early 2016 . The writer Doron Rabinovici dedicated his dissertation to Löw on the Jewish community of Vienna under National Socialism.

The Viennese district of Leopoldstadt named a park after Franzi Löw in 2017.

literature

  • Evelyn Adunka : The fourth church. The history of the Viennese Jews from 1945 to the present day . Philo, 2000
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Narrated story. Volume 3: Jewish Fates. Reports from the persecuted. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-901142-10-X , pp. 185–197
  • Regina Böhler: The Development of Jewish Care in Vienna between 1929 and 1945 . Pp. 277-302. In: Ernst Berger (Ed.): Persecuted Childhood. Children and young people as victims of the Nazi social administration. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77511-9 .
  • Marianne Enigl : In any case, the Jew is responsible (Part 2) . In: Profil , July 9, 2007 . Issue 28, July 7, 2007, p. 36 ff .
  • Doron Rabinovici : Instances of Powerlessness, Vienna 1938–1945. The way to the Judenrat . Jewish publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 2000
  • Robert Schindel : Dunkelstein. A reading drama . Haymon Verlag, 2010, ISBN 3-85218-645-5
  • Maria Dorothea Simon : Franzi Löw (1916-1997). In: Social Work. 7/2013, pp. 296–297, (PDF; 60 kB)
  • Maria Dorothea Simon : Franziska Danneberg-Löw - A Jewish welfare worker in Vienna during the time of National Socialism. In: Johannes Pflegerl, Monika Vyslouzil, Gertraud Pantucek (Eds.): Custom- fit help. Social work as a contributor to societal and social processes. Lit-Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-50526-2 , pp. 82–91
  • Beatrix Steinhardt: Franzi Löw. A Jewish welfare worker in National Socialist Vienna. Diploma thesis in history, University of Vienna 2012

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/projekte/zielgebiete/westguertel/pdf/handout.pdf
  2. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Narrated story. Volume 3: Jewish Fates. Reports from the persecuted. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-901142-10-X , p. 185
  3. ^ Doron Rabinovici: Instanzen der Ohnmacht, Vienna 1938–1945. The way to the Judenrat . Jüdischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2000, p. 304
  4. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Narrated story. Volume 3: Jewish Fates. Reports from the persecuted. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-901142-10-X , p. 197
  5. ↑ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205429.pdf
  6. ↑ Marianne Enigl: In each case, the Jew is responsible (part 2) . In: Profil , July 9, 2007 . Issue 28, July 7, 2007, p. 36 ff .
  7. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / doewweb01.doew.at
  8. ↑ http://www.ikg-wien.at/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/683_magazin_12.pdf
  9. ^ "Between plague and cholera". In: kurier.at. March 2, 2016, accessed December 31, 2017 .
  10. ^ Doron Rabinovici : Instanzen der Ohnmacht, Vienna 1938–1945. The way to the Judenrat . Jewish publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 2000
  11. ↑ https://www.ikg-wien.at/der- Bezirk-leopoldstadt-ehrt-widerstandskaempferin-franziska-loew-mit-gedenkafel /
personal data
SURNAME Loew, Franzi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Danneberg-Löw, Franziska (full name); Danneberg-Löw, Franzi (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1916
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1997
Place of death Vienna