Franciscan monastery Gdansk

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From left: Pulpit house, St. Trinity and St. Anne's Church , 2011

The St. Trinity Monastery was a convent of the Franciscan Order in Gdansk , which existed in the 15th and 16th centuries as a result of the Reformation went down. In 1987 Franciscans settled in the city again.

location

Danzig suburb

The monastery was located in the Neustadt (later suburb ) on the later Fleischerstraße corner Trinitatiskirchengasse.

history

In 1419 Pope Martin V gave the Franciscan Order the privilege of founding a monastery in Danzig. The brothers initially received a small piece of land from the city council, then in 1422 at the instigation of Michael Küchmeister , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , a somewhat larger one, and began building a monastery and a small church, the monk's church. The foundation was supported by the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, in whose territory Gdansk was at that time. The monastery belonged to the Saxon Order Province ( Saxonia ) of the Franciscans.

In 1431 the single-nave monk's church was expanded, and from 1481 to 1514 a larger three-aisled church was added to the west, the St. Trinity Church . The old monk's church was expanded until 1495 and forms part of the Trinity Church, now called the rear choir and later the Last Supper Church. To the west of the south aisle, the single-nave St. Anne's Church was built between 1480 and 1484, which is called the Anne Chapel because of its comparatively small size.

The Franciscans lived on foundations and alms. In 1491 the city council complained to the Provincial of the Order Province about the brethren's unruly life. With the half-timbered building of the pulpit to the west of the north aisle of the Great Church of St. Trinitatis, a closed courtyard was created in front of the west facade, the west side of which was formed by the wall. During the unrest in Gdansk in 1525 and the introduction of the Reformation in the city, the Franciscans had to leave the monastery. Some got married.

In 1526 the monastery was returned to the order, but the number of brothers decreased. There were only the custodian of the custody of Breslau within the order of Saxonia and two brothers in the monastery, as the first, Johann Rollau, handed it over to the city council on September 30, 1555. They were allowed to live in part of the monastery until their death.

In 1558 the Protestant Academic Gymnasium Danzig was established in the monastery building . The few remaining Franciscans gave up the three-aisled nave (the Great Church) in 1560 and only kept the rear choir for Catholic masses . In 1561 the first Protestant pastor was appointed, the reformed Ambrosius Stübner from Hungary.

The Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis (Gdansk Council or Senate Library), founded in 1596, was entrusted to the grammar school and was only available to senators, other city officials as well as grammar school students and their professors. Lutheran and Reformed pastors officiated in the Simultaneum until 1650 .

During the French siege in 1807 , the Prussian military used the Trinity Church as a military hospital, while the victorious French military used the Great Church as a clothing store from 1812. and was also used as a hospital during the Russian siege in 1813 . From 1814 the Prussian military treasury rented the monastery building, which continued to serve as a hospital, which is why the city of Danzig, which had always remained the owner, sold the monastery building to the military treasury in 1828 for 19,000 thalers. and was also used as a hospital during the Russian siege in 1813 . In 1817 the library was organizationally separated from the grammar school and in 1821 moved into the Jacobikirche, which was now a public library. In 1844 the hospital moved into a new building built between 1838 and 1844, which, after its closure, served as the Polish post office in Gdansk from 1920 to 1939 . The military set up a mounting magazine.

In the monastery building, which has since fallen into disrepair, Rudolf Freitag set up his sculptor's studio and stored architectural antiquities in the cloister of Gdańsk (e.g. gable figures or attachments ), which he preserved from destruction when demolished.

In 1852, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV gave Friday sole control over part of the building. On August 6, 1863, the military treasury transferred the property rights to the monastery building free of charge to the city, which was able to rebuild the decaying building in the neo-Gothic style thanks to the donation of the merchant Karl Gottfried Klose, who died in 1868. The Gdansk City Museum was officially founded in 1870 and ceremoniously opened its doors on March 1, 1873 in the renovated monastery. In 1889 the West Prussian Provincial Museum for Arts and Crafts, founded in 1881, also moved into rooms in the monastery building.

After the Second World War, which the building survived damaged, the museum was merged with the State Museum for Danzig History, founded in 1927 in the Abbot's Palace in Oliva, to form the Pomeranian Museum . Individual collections of the Pomeranian Museum were outsourced to new museums, the Central Marine Museum (1960), the Archaeological Museum (1962) and the Historical Museum of the City of Gdansk in the City Hall (1971). In 1972 the Pomeranian Museum was renamed the National Museum of Danzig . Its Ancient Art Department (Oddział Sztuki Dawnej) can now be seen in the monastery building.

In 1987 the Franciscans opened a new convent in the pulpit and also took over the Trinity Church and Annenkapelle.

Anne Chapel

The chapel, built between 1480 and 1483, served King Casimir III's request . Polish-speaking residents, the city bore the costs of their construction. The chapel did not have its own congregation, but was a sermon place for the Trinity congregation in the neighboring church of that name.

This did not change after the Reformation. The council had appointed the first Lutheran, Polish-speaking preacher in 1552. Polish-speaking Lutherans were regular members of the Trinity Congregation. At the end of the 16th century, the fortified walls of the city fortifications moved so close to the Annenkapelle that the portal in the western gable facade was walled up and remains to this day.

In 1709 the Polish-speaking Lutherans founded an independent Lutheran congregation at the Annenkapelle, which separated it from the Trinity congregation. The first pastor of the independent congregation was Andreas Waschetta (1677–1729), previously in Hochredlau . The pastors also filled the post of lector Polonicus at the grammar school.

In 1710 the Annenkapelle received a new organ , which was built by the organ builder Andreas Hildebrandt . The Annengemeinde acquired its own bell , which Johann Gottfried Anthony had cast in Danzig in 1745. It is one of the few bells in Gdańsk that remained in place, meaning that it was neither requisitioned for German armaments at the beginning of the 1940s, nor destroyed when Gdańsk was destroyed.

Pastor of the Annengemeinde was z. B. the polyglot Christoph Mrongovius , East Prussian Polish mother tongue, who headed the community from 1798 to 1855. Mrongovius taught monastery building at the Academic Gymnasium and wrote grammars and dictionaries of the Polish language. In 1832 the number of members of the Annengemeinde with 5 to 6 souls reached a low. The last Polish Protestant pastor at the Annenkapelle was Theodor Mill, who died in 1871. The Polish-speaking pastor was not tied to any parish district in his actions, but could perform spiritual actions wherever desired.

By resolution of the Old Prussian Evangelical Upper Church Council , the Polish-speaking Annengemeinde was rejoined to the parish of the Trinity Church on June 24, 1876. In 1885 the Trinitatisgemeinde had the beautiful Gothic west gable of St. Annen thoroughly restored, which has come into its own since the walls were laid down in 1896/1897.

After the Second World War, the Trinity Congregation was dissolved and most of its members had fled, driven out or perished. 393 years after the Reformation at St. Anne's, Catholics took over the building again and founded new Catholic, now Polish-speaking communities. After an interruption between 1876 and 1945, services in the Annenkapelle are celebrated again in Polish.

Polish-speaking pastors at the Annenkapelle

The list corresponds to the list of Trinity preacher Paul Schmidt.

  • 1552 Joannes Polonus
  • 1564 Laurentius Prosper
  • 1564–1571 Mathias Miotke
  • 1571–1575 Mathäus Dombrowsky
  • 1575–1580 Paul Blumgodes
  • 1581–1587 Abraham Sbasinius, previously in Thorn
  • 1589 Mathias Rebinius
  • 1589–1598 Adam Kriger
  • 1599–1601 Nicolaus Volckmar
  • 1601–1603 Georg Hoppe
  • 1604–1612 Carl Milevitanus
  • 1613–1615 Mathias Miotke, then in Posen
  • 1615–1620 Melchior Pauli
  • 1620–1623 Melchior Galliculus (Hänlein)
  • 1624–1632 Georg Nennichius
  • 1632–1641 Johann Dorsch from Gilgenburg
  • 1642–1653 Christoph Pambius
  • 1653–1671 Johann Hein
  • 1672–1677 Laurentius Fischer
  • 1677–1688 Michael Engel
  • 1689–1695 Johann Bunck
  • 1695–1709 Albert Pomian Pesarovius
  • 1709–1729 Andreas Waschetta
  • 1730–1734 Paul Swietlicki
  • 1735–1737 Jan Grzegorz Godlewski
  • 1737–1773 Jan Duchna
  • 1773–1785 Johann Gottfried Gusovius
  • 1785–1795 Johann Wilhelm Lehmann
  • 1796–1797 Mathias Crispin
  • 1798–1855 Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius
  • 1860–1871 Theodor Mill

literature

  • Paul Schmidt: The St. Trinitatis Church in Danzig past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelische Vereinbuchhandlung, 1901, 118 pages .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 49 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h NN, “ Kaplica- Kościół Św. Anny “, in: Franciszkanie w Gdańsku: Klasztor Zakonu Braci Mniejszych Konwentualnych w Gdańsku , accessed on January 27, 2019.
  3. ↑ The name of the building comes from the fact that it adorns a 23.50 m long balcony corridor open to Trinitatiskirchgasse, which Gdańsk people call the pulpit . See Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 48 , accessed on January 28, 2019. Accordingly, the term pulpit was translated into Polish as 'galeria' ( open, long balcony corridor), which is why the building is called dom galeriowy in Polish , which is sometimes retranslated as a gallery house.
  4. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 14 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  5. ↑ a b c Hans Friedrich Secker , Die Städtische Gemäldegalerie im Franziskanerkloster (Stadtmuseum Danzig) , Danzig: WF Burau, 1913, (= guide through the public art collections in Danzig; vol. 1), p. 15 , accessed on January 27, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after the past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 78 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  7. ^ Paul Schmidt, The St. Trinitatis Church in Danzig past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 79seq. , accessed January 28, 2019.
  8. ^ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 22 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b c Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 23 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  10. ↑ a b Hans Friedrich Secker, Die Städtische Gemäldegalerie im Franziskanerkloster (Stadtmuseum Danzig) , Danzig: WF Burau, 1913, (= guide through the public art collections in Danzig; vol. 1), p. 16 , accessed on January 27, 2019.
  11. ↑ Art Handbook for Germany: Directory of Authorities, Collections, Educational Institutions and Associations for Art, Applied Arts and Antiquities , Royal Museums in Berlin (ed.), Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1904, 6. neubearb. Ed., P. 114.
  12. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 41 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  13. ↑ Medieval chapel ST. ANNA at the Franciscan Church of ST. Trinity in Danzig (in Polish) , Marek Żydowicz, Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. Nauki Humanistyczno-Społeczne. Zabytkoznawstwo i Konserwatorstwo, z. 16 (pp. 52–90), 1992 (with images of the St. Anne's Church around 1900 and a floor plan of the monastery-church complex).
  14. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 92 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  15. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 94 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  16. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 42 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  17. ↑ a b c Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 43 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  18. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 48 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  19. ↑ Paul Schmidt, Die St. Trinitatis-Kirche zu Danzig after past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 44 , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  20. ^ Paul Schmidt, The St. Trinitatis Church in Danzig past and present , Danzig: Commissionsverlag der Evangelischen Vereinbuchhandlung, 1901, p. 92seqq. , accessed January 28, 2019.

Coordinates: 54 ° 20 ′ 45.1 ″  N , 18 ° 38 ′ 49.6 ″  E