Women's suffrage outside Europe

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Campaign in Illinois (1916)

Gaining women's suffrage outside Europe , like gaining women's suffrage in Europe, was preceded by a long struggle of the women's movement that began in the 18th century. Women in a country should have the opportunity to participate actively and passively in political votes .

history

1776 in the US state of New Jersey the right to vote for all persons above a certain vested rights was introduced by constitution. This also applied to widows, but not to married women, because they were not allowed to own anything; the right to vote was restricted to men in 1807. In 1853, Vélez , Colombia, became the first city in the world to give women the right to vote. In 1869, the Wyoming Territory ( United States State from 1890) introduced women's suffrage. Colorado was the first state in 1893 in which men voted in a referendum to vote for women.

In New Zealand women were given the right to vote in 1893 and to stand for election in 1919 ; New Zealand therefore claims to have been the “first self-governing country in the world” with women's suffrage. The New Zealand example was followed in 1902 by the newly founded Commonwealth of Australia , which had been granted state independence by Great Britain a year earlier, but at the same time also introduced passive women's suffrage, which New Zealand did not follow until 1919. This makes Australia the first modern sovereign state to introduce women's suffrage.

Worldwide, in 1919 the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan was the first Muslim-majority state to introduce women's suffrage, which gave women the same political rights as men.

1920 was the entry into force 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States in the United States , prohibited grounds of sex which women were granted the full right to vote at all levels all restrictions on the right to vote. The American presidential election of 1920 was the first in which they voted.

The Philippines followed as the second country in Asia , which on April 30, 1937 let women decide in a plebiscite . A large majority of them decided in favor of active and passive voting rights for women. In the same year, 24 women entered municipal and provincial parliaments.

Women's suffrage was introduced in India in 1950 , and in Iran in 1963 .

Women in Kuwait have had the right to vote and stand for election since 2005, and in the United Arab Emirates since 2006 . On December 12, 2015, women in Saudi Arabia had the right to vote and stand for election for the first time in local elections. However, you were in the election campaign z. B. externally financed election advertising prohibited. Women and men had to vote in different rooms. The majority of Saudi women, however, do not have an identity card : the basic requirement to be able to vote. According to official information, in addition to around 6100 men, more than 860 women were running, 20 of whom were elected.

Introduction of active women's suffrage worldwide (yellow = no women's suffrage):

International networking

1904 was based in Berlin World Alliance for Women's Suffrage (Engl. International Woman Suffrage Alliance later International Alliance of Women ). One of his goals was to reduce the voting distance between the sexes. As is customary around the world, women's rights activists were divided on the question of whether they should simply demand a right to vote, as the men had (which could possibly be a census vote , a position held by prominent figures in the movement such as John Stuart Mill ), or whether they should everywhere demand the extension to equal and universal suffrage for men and women. The World Federation was an important engine that ensured global networking with its regular congresses and motivated individual women and groups from many countries to stand up for their rights.

See also

literature

  • Barbara J. Nelson; Nadjma Chowdhury: Women and Politics Worldwide. Yale University Press, New Haven 1994, ISBN 0-300-05407-6

Web links

Commons : Women's Suffrage  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
Wiktionary: Women's suffrage outside Europe  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Marquardt: State, Democracy and Constitution in Hispano-America since 1810 , Volume 1, The Liberal Century (1810–1916), Bogotá 2008, p. 173.
  2. ↑ Act of April 7, 1893 extending the right to vote to women under Article 2, Paragraph 2 of the Colorado Constitution , confirmation by the Governor of Colorado of December 2, 1893 that the law was passed on the basis of the referendum of November 7, 1893 at 35,798 Approvals against 29,451 rejections.
  3. ^ Women and the vote - Introduction . In: New Zealand History . Ministry for Culture & Heritage , accessed on September 22, 2018 (English, ... and eight following websites).
  4. ↑ The merican Era of the Philippines ( Memento from October 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Martin Gehlen : Saudi Arabia discovers women's suffrage. In: zeit.de , September 1, 2015, accessed on December 12, 2015
  6. ↑ Karin Senz: Women can vote for the first time. In: deutschlandfunk.de , December 12, 2015, accessed on December 12, 2015
  7. ↑ a b For the first time women were elected to local parliaments. In: Badische-zeitung.de , December 15, 2015
  8. ↑ Right to vote for women for the first time.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: deutschlandfunk.de , December 12, 2015, accessed on December 12, 2015@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.deutschlandfunk.de  
  9. ^ A World Chronology of the Recognition of Women's Rights to Vote and to Stand for Election. Inter-Parliamentary Union, accessed August 10, 2018 .
  10. ^ Glocal. In: Women Suffrage and Beyond. Accessed August 10, 2018 (English).
  11. ^ Carole Pateman: Beyond Suffrage. Three Questions About Woman Suffrage, in: Caroline Daley u. Melanie Nolan (ed.): Suffrage and Beyond. International Feminist Perspectives. New York 1994, pp. 331-348, here p. 334.