Outdoor station

Börslingen outdoor station after the 2013 excavation campaign

An open-air station (also an open-air settlement or hunting or hunter camp ) is a living space of seasonally settled hunters and gatherers that is not located in a cave or under an abyss .

description

Reconstruction of a Stone Age tent in the Vogelherd Archaeological Park in Baden-Württemberg

Outdoor stations were often set up in a spur position on mountain ridges or terraces, from where the surrounding area with the migrating herds of game could be well viewed, or in places with the raw material deposits ( flint , chert , radiolarite ) required for tool or weapon manufacture . The base areas vary in size from a few square meters to over 1 hectare; tent-like and hut-like constructions made of wood, large animal bones and furs were used as dwellings.

Due to the unprotected location, the inventory of the outdoor station is directly exposed to the weather and thus more threatened by weathering or decomposition than that of a cave site. This is why the organic traces in particular are often in a poor state of preservation or are limited to charcoal or charcoal. In addition to the local and climatic conditions, how quickly and to what extent the camp was covered with sediment after leaving it also plays a decisive role .

With the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution and the associated sedentarism, outdoor stations were increasingly replaced by permanent, permanent settlements .

Well-known outdoor stations

literature

Harald Floss , Christian Hoyer, Ewa Dutkiewicz, Jens A. Frick, Hans-Walter Poenicke: A newly discovered palaeolithic field site on the Swabian Alb - special excavations in Börslingen. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. 2011, ISSN 0724-8954 , pp. 71-73.

Thomas Einwögerer: The Upper Palaeolithic station on the Wachtberg in Krems, Lower Austria. A reconstruction and scientific presentation of the excavation by J. Bayer from 1930 (= communications from the Prehistoric Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. 34). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-7001-2870-3 .

Harald Floss, Hans-Walter Poenicke: Upper Palaeolithic surface finds from Königsbach-Stein (Enzkreis) - or: What makes an aurignacia an aurignacia? In: Quaternary. International yearbook for research into the Ice Age and the Stone Age. Vol. 53/54, 2006, pp. 115-146, doi : 10.7485 / QU53_07 .

Hermann J. Seitz, Florian Heller: A Paleolithic hunting station near Haunsheim in the Swabian Jura. In: Quaternary. International yearbook for research into the Ice Age and the Stone Age. Vol. 13, 1961, pp. 67-89;

Part A: Hermann J. Seitz: An attempt at a reconstruction. Pp. 67–79, ( digital version (PDF; 2.07 MB) );

Part B: Florian Heller : The fauna of the Palaeolithic hunting station in Haunsheim near Lauingen on the Danube. Pp. 81–89, ( digitized version (PDF; 371.6 kB) ).

Web links

Commons : Open air sites in Austria - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Thomas Einwögerer: The Upper Palaeolithic Station on the Wachtberg in Krems, Lower Austria. 2000, pp. 13-15.
↑ Harald Floss, Christian Hoyer, Ewa Dutkiewicz, Jens A. Frick, Hans-Walter Poenicke: A newly discovered palaeolithic field site on the Swabian Alb - special excavations in Börslingen. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. 2011, pp. 71-73.
↑ Olaf Jöris, Luc Moreau: From the end of the Aurignacien. On the chronological position of the Breitenbach open air site (Burgenlandkr.) In the context of the Early and Middle Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe. In: Archaeological correspondence sheet . Vol. 40, No. 1, 2010, pp. 1–20, here p. 4.
↑ Thomas Einwögerer: The Upper Palaeolithic Station on the Wachtberg in Krems, Lower Austria. 2000, pp. 46-47.
^ Hermann J. Seitz, Florian Heller: A Paleolithic hunting station near Haunsheim in the Swabian Jura. Part B: Florian Heller: The fauna of the Palaeolithic hunting station in Haunsheim near Lauingen on the Danube. In: Quaternary. Vol. 13, 1961, pp. 81-89.

[Einwögerer-1] Thomas Einwögerer: The Upper Palaeolithic Station on the Wachtberg in Krems, Lower Austria. 2000, pp. 13-15.

[Floss-2] Harald Floss, Christian Hoyer, Ewa Dutkiewicz, Jens A. Frick, Hans-Walter Poenicke: A newly discovered palaeolithic field site on the Swabian Alb - special excavations in Börslingen. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. 2011, pp. 71-73.

[Jöris-3] Olaf Jöris, Luc Moreau: From the end of the Aurignacien. On the chronological position of the Breitenbach open air site (Burgenlandkr.) In the context of the Early and Middle Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe. In: Archaeological correspondence sheet . Vol. 40, No. 1, 2010, pp. 1–20, here p. 4.

[Einwögerer2-4] Thomas Einwögerer: The Upper Palaeolithic Station on the Wachtberg in Krems, Lower Austria. 2000, pp. 46-47.

[Heller-5] Hermann J. Seitz, Florian Heller: A Paleolithic hunting station near Haunsheim in the Swabian Jura. Part B: Florian Heller: The fauna of the Palaeolithic hunting station in Haunsheim near Lauingen on the Danube. In: Quaternary. Vol. 13, 1961, pp. 81-89.