Peace of Greater Oradin
The peace of Great Oradin was concluded on February 24, 1538 between Ferdinand I and Johann Zápolya . It ended the 12-year Hungarian Civil War that broke out in 1526 after the death of Ludwig II in the Battle of Mohács .
prehistory
According to the inheritance treaties from the Peace of Pressburg and the double wedding in Vienna , Ferdinand laid claim to the Hungarian throne after Ludwig's death. However, with the support of the Hungarian nobility, Johann Zápolya , voivode of Transylvania , was proclaimed king and split his domain from Royal Hungary . There he ruled with the toleration of the Turks as Johann I. Zápolya. The Central Hungarian regions were conquered by the Turks after the Battle of Mohács , but they quickly withdrew. Central Hungary was not finally annexed until 1541 and it became a province of the Ottoman Empire . Ferdinand ruled the western areas of the Hungarian Kingdom (today counties of Hungary , western and central Slovakia , Burgenland , Croatia bordering Austria ). The two parties waged a bitter struggle for supremacy that devastated the country.
The peace treaty
On February 24, 1538 they made peace in Oradea and agreed that the areas ruled by Johann Zápolya should fall to Ferdinand after his death. At the peace talks, the Emperor Charles V was represented by his personal envoy, Archbishop Johannes von Weeze . Field Marshal General Leonhard von Fels , Commander-in-Chief of Northern Hungary, signed the contract on behalf of Archduke Ferdinand .
The contract was never executed. In the spring of 1539 Zápolya married the young princess Isabella Jagiellonica , daughter of Sigismund I , King of Poland. For fear of losing his throne claims, sent Ferdinand in September 1539 his trusted Jerome Łaski the brother Jan. Laski , according to Konstantin Opel to Suleiman to inform about the Treaty of Oradea. Ferdinand wanted to achieve that - in the event of Ferdinand's military advance in Hungary - Suleyman would not rush to Zápolya to help.
Zápolya's son, Johann Sigismund, was born in July 1540 , shortly afterwards King Johann Zápolya died. His followers appointed Johann Sigismund king, thus breaking the treaty, and - after the mutual campaigns of the Habsburgs and the Ottomans in 1540 and 1541 - the final tripartite division of Hungary was sealed for the next 150 years.
literature
- Friedrich Schuller: Documentary contributions to the history of Transylvania from the battle of Mohács to the peace of Grosswardein . In: Archives of the Association for Transylvania Regional Studies , New Series, vol. 26 (1894), pp. 223–287.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b István Nemeskürty: Ez történt Mohács után (What happened after the battle of Mohács). Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, Budapest 1968, p. 259 (Hungarian).
Coordinates: 47 ° 3 ′ 5 ″ N , 21 ° 56 ′ 25 ″ E