Cemetery I Plauen
The cemetery I in Plauen is one of the church cemeteries in the city. It is located in the Reissiger suburb , is 6.78 hectares and was consecrated in 1866. The complex is classified as an area monument with 44 individual monuments.
history
Prehistory and foundation
Until the middle of the 16th century, the dead were buried in the area around St. John's Church. After the city fire of 1548, a new area outside the former city walls near the Neundorfer Tor was used as a cemetery. After a significant expansion of the cemetery in 1679, a burial church was consecrated on the site in 1722, today's Luther Church . After the city's population had increased three to four times as a result of the industrial revolution , this cemetery reached its limits.
In an ordinance of May 4, 1857, the Plauen Church Inspectorate was requested by the Zwickau district directorate to create a new cemetery outside the city limits at that time. After several years of negotiations, the Dresden Ministry of Cultus and Public Education requested in a letter dated December 18, 1860 the district administration in Zwickau to increase the pressure on the Plauen church inspection. Nevertheless, it took until 1865 before a suitable site was found. The parcels 663a and b, 664 and 665 between today's Jößnitzer Straße and Reissiger Straße were assessed as suitable after soil examinations and an inspection on August 23, 1865.
For the time being, plots 664 and 665 were to be used for burials. The area was divided into six sections (A, B, C, D, E and F) and the cemetery was enclosed with a wall, which was also used to set up family graves. The two entrances were on the then lower and upper Reissiger Weg. Since the cemetery was also used by the surrounding rural communities, the second entrance was intended to facilitate access for the communities of Haselbrunn and Kauschwitz.
In April 1866 a church was founded. It consisted of the township and the parish communities Chrieschwitz , Haselbrunn , Kauschwitz , Meßbach , Oberneundorf , Reinsdorf , Reißig , Reusa / Tauschwitz , Thiergarten and Zwoschwitz .
In July 1866, the city council announced an architectural competition for the buildings to be built, for which the designs were to be submitted by August 15, 1866. The first prize, which was endowed with 50 thalers, went to the town planning inspector Franz Andrae. He had his design under the motto: "Even if the earthly leans down, the structure of the spirit will only rise skyward."
On September 17, 1866, the two bricklayers J. Rädel jun. and F. Härtel placed the orders. First, the grave digger's apartment, the morgue and the entrance portal between the two buildings were to be built. The construction of the conference hall was postponed to a later date for cost reasons. The planned cladding of the buildings with sandstone was abandoned in favor of a plastered brick building due to the high costs.
Because of a cholera epidemic in the city, the new cemetery had to be opened early. It was provisionally consecrated by the superintendent on September 26, 1866, although the work was not yet completed and no buildings had been erected. Immediately afterwards, two children were buried, which was the first time the cemetery was used. Section C was used first for deceased adults and section D for children.
On the same day, the Zwickau Royal District Directorate closed the Luther cemetery at the request of the district doctor Dr. Faster for all kinds of funerals. On November 10, 1883, the 400th birthday of Martin Luther , the square was named Lutherplatz . In 1899 the cemetery at the Luther Church was secularized and from 1900 onwards it was laid out in its present form.
First extension in 1875
After the members of the cemetery committee had pointed out in October 1872 that an expansion of the cemetery was necessary, the plans for the expansion of parcels 663a and b were approved in 1874 and divisions G, H, I and K were created. The builder FG Richter built the wall. The consecration of the new cemetery section took place on December 15, 1875.
Second extension in 1881
On September 4, 1880, the superintendent Gustav Landmann pointed out the urgent need to expand the cemetery again. Three possibilities were discussed: the construction of a new cemetery with municipal administration on a plot of land on Preißelpöhl bought by the city in 1876/77, purchase of parcel 721 in the south across from Reissiger Strasse, or purchase of parcels 666, 667 and 668 in the east.
The church inspection decided on the third variant and bought the plots 666, 667 and 668. When the cemetery was expanded, they initially limited themselves to the northern parcel 667 (the so-called Matthes'sche Feld), as this plot was relatively flat. The L and M departments were created, which were demarcated in the east and south with a post fence and a hawthorn hedge. A wall was built in the north along Jößnitzer Strasse. On October 6, 1881, the part of the cemetery initially intended for children's graves was consecrated.
More extensive work was necessary for the expansion of lots 666 and 668. On property 666 there was a dilapidated brick factory that had to be removed first. The buildings released for demolition (brick kiln, brick drying shed and residential buildings) were auctioned off. The clay pit had to be filled in, so the population was asked to drive rubble onto the site.
In the course of the expansion of the cemetery and the construction of Cemetery II on Preißelpöhl, the question was discussed whether the cemeteries should only be used by the municipality in the future. Because of the cost of the expansion and the long distances to maintain the graves, several rural communities wanted to leave the church and set up their own cemeteries. After negotiations, the communities of Messbach and Thiergarten left on August 31, 1883. On December 25, 1883, the community of Reusa followed with Kleinfriesen, Sorga and Tauschwitz. Kauschwitz left the Gottesacker community on August 5, 1884 and the Neundorf district of Oberneundorf on October 30, 1900.
Third extension in 1886
In May / June 1886 the church council saw an urgent need for an extension and asked the new city architect E. Löwe to make drawings and estimates. The already acquired parcels 666 and 668 were divided into the three departments N, O and P. A wall was erected on Reissiger Strasse that corresponded to that on Jößnitzer Strasse.
Originally, a second morgue was to be built between grave fields N and O. For this purpose, an additional driveway with a wrought-iron gate was provided in the wall on Reissiger Strasse. However, since the construction of cemetery II became more specific as early as 1887, it was decided to build the second morgue on this cemetery for reasons of cost.
In 1887, plot 721 across from Reissiger Strasse was bought, which had already been discussed for an extension. After the district doctor Dr. Buschbeck had repeatedly pointed out the too small area and the unfavorable location without a common border to the previous cemetery area, the church council decided against an expansion on this area. The site was used in various ways up to 2004, from 1965 also as a cemetery nursery for several years.
Until 1899 there were no changes to the area, layout or management of the cemetery.
Fourth expansion in 1913
From 1898 onwards there was discussion of a further expansion of the cemetery, including using the plot of land in 1965, on which the Lessing Gymnasium is now located, for an expansion. At the beginning of 1900, the city council offered to give the Gottesacker community the remaining areas to the east as far as Chamissostraße in order to enable straight lines to be drawn along Chamissostraße and Reissiger Straße. Until then, the cemetery was bounded by a curved line to the east. In May 1913, the Evangelical Lutheran State Consistory in Dresden approved the expansion. This provided space for 55 more family graves, 270 detached graves and 1,500 row graves for children.
During the expansion, a large difference in height between the existing, relatively flat surface of the cemetery and the area in the direction of Chamissostraße had to be overcome and massive fencing was required. The wall was built by the Reinhold brothers and plastered by the Glück company. The Kern company laid out the necessary paths. On December 12, 1913, the new part of the cemetery was consecrated.
In the years 1914/1915 the enclosure wall on Jößnitzer Straße up to Arndtstraße was reinforced again by a reinforced concrete wall because of the higher-lying street layout.
The further development
With the expansion in 1913, the Gottesacker had reached its present size. There were no more changes in area afterwards. Buildings were no longer erected.
During the Second World War , the buildings in Cemetery I were damaged in the massive bombing raids in early 1945. The consultation hall was completely destroyed and the morgue suffered damage to the roof and the surrounding wall, which were only poorly repaired in 1947. In 1956 the morgue was rebuilt.
In 1998 the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and Plauen's lower monument protection authority placed the particularly massive wall along Chamissostraße, built in 1913, under monument protection. In addition, individual tombs were protected and the cemetery as a whole was declared an area monument. In November 2005, more grave monuments, some of which were threatened with decay, were placed under monument protection. As of October 2013, a total of 44 tombs are listed.
In 2006 the former morgue on Reissiger Strasse was renovated again and converted into a cemetery chapel with a farewell room. Old tombs are being restored. However, a number of listed tombs continue to threaten to decay and are partly overgrown by plants.
Design of the cemetery
The cemetery has a size of 6.78 hectares. The almost rectangular area is bounded by Goethestrasse, Jößnitzer Strasse, Chamissostrasse and Reissiger Strasse. The avenue-like main paths are planted with linden trees. The layout of the tombs was regulated as early as 1866. The family or hereditary burial sites are located on the walls, while row graves and detached grave sites (elective graves) for burials and urn graves are located in the individual departments.
Green area
In 1980 and 1983, extensive studies of the woody population in the cemetery were carried out. 366 conifers in 22 species and 427 deciduous trees in 21 species were counted. The site is therefore one of the most dendrologically rich in the city. Among the deciduous trees, the winter lime tree with 151 and the summer lime tree with 133 specimens had the largest share due to the linden tree avenues on the main paths. In third place among the deciduous trees was the silver birch with 82 specimens. The conifers essentially consist of the occidental tree of life with 116 specimens, the silver spruce with 105 specimens and the Serbian spruce with 31 specimens.
Conference hall
At first, the funeral took place in all weathers at the open grave. Therefore, the call for a worthy building for these purposes was soon loud. However, it was not until September 21, 1873 that the so-called conference hall was consecrated.
The building was built in neo-Gothic style according to plans by the town building inspector Franz Andrae and was located on the main path between departments E and F. In 1903 it was re-covered and formwork was placed under the roof. In addition to new interior painting, two gas stoves and gas lighting were added. The cost was around 3,000 marks. After the renovation, the funeral hall was rededicated on May 17, 1903. In 1927 minor changes were made again.
In January 1945 the conference hall was completely destroyed in a bomb attack on Plauen. Only the base stones of the building still form the border of a green area that was set up as a memorial. A wooden cross was erected in the area of the former entrance and the memorial to commemorate the pogrom night of 1938 is located in the place of the former apse .
Morgue
The morgue was built between 1866 and 1868 and cost 2,727 thalers. In 1899 and 1925 it was rebuilt and expanded. During the bombing raid on Plauen in January 1945, the roof and the surrounding wall on the street side were badly damaged. This damage was largely repaired in March 1947. After the conference hall was destroyed, the morgue also had to be used as a sanctuary. In October 1949 there were complaints that the odor nuisance in the area of the consecration hall was too high in summer. From March 1951, only the consecration hall on Cemetery II was used.
Following an application by the church council in 1955, the morgue in cemetery I was rebuilt. A partition wall, separated from the reduced morgue, created a separate funeral hall , which has been in use since 1956.
During a fundamental modernization from April 2006, a bright mourning hall with large windows and seats for 100 people as well as a newly designed storage room with a figure of Christ was created. The hall, which was also externally renovated, was consecrated on September 30, 2006 by Superintendent Matthias Bartsch.
Administration building
One of the first buildings to be completed was the deathbed master's apartment in 1868. It consisted of a low building with a gable roof and cost 2,648 thalers. The first expansion took place in 1890. In 1924 another floor was added for the cemetery inspector's apartment. Since then, the cemetery administration rooms have been located on the ground floor.
Bell tower
The cemetery committee had always wanted to have its own bell, which for various reasons had never been implemented. In earlier years, the bells of the Pauluskirche , the closest church, were rung at funerals if so desired.
When a new school was built in the immediate vicinity of the church, a better solution had to be found, as the morning bell would have disturbed. At that time, three bells were already stored in cemetery II. In December 1960, the cemetery administration applied to the city building authorities for permission to build a bell tower. The building permit was refused for the time being and was only granted on September 17, 1962. Construction began immediately afterwards, was approved by the building authorities on January 30, 1964 and then consecrated.
The tower stands on the wall of Department P and has a base area of two by two and a half meters. It consists of a ten-meter-high, free-standing steel construction by the steel construction company Wehner from Plauen. The three bells hanging one below the other are operated with an automatic control.
Graves and memorials
Memorial to the victims of the pogrom night
On November 10, 1988, Superintendent Thomas Küttler presented the memorial stone to the public in memory of the victims of the pogrom night on the site of the former chapel of the conference hall.
The wooden cross in the area of the former entrance to the chapel for the Plauen victims of the bombing in World War II and the memorial stone in the former apse of the chapel are intended to remind of the first of the Ten Commandments , which applies to both Judaism and Christianity .
Originally, the memorial stone should consist of a brick wall with a wooden Star of David according to the idea of the wood designer Jörg Beier from Schwarzenberg . Since no hard-fired bricks were available in the short term without a planned economy allocation, demolition material from former grave facilities was used. Günter Vödisch, under the guidance of the sculptor Dr. Rolf Magerkord , who later became mayor of the city, put a wall of Theuma slate around the Star of David in the week before November 9th . In the upper left corner the master stonemason Hans Schneider chiseled the first commandment: "I am the Lord your God, you shall not have any other gods besides me - Exodus 20/2". In the lower right corner is the date "1938 - 9 Nov", the beginning of the November 1938 pogroms .
In front of the memorial, a stone that roughly resembles the geographical shape of the State of Israel was set into the ground.
Bell cemetery
When the bells of the Luther Church were replaced in 2009 , the old bells came to cemetery I, since bells cannot be sold or melted down. The smallest of the three bells was given to the Matthew Congregation of the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church , where it is still used. The other two bells are stored in the so-called bell cemetery.
In 2012 the bells of the St. John's Church were removed from the bell tower and brought to Cemetery I, where they can now be seen next to those of the Luther Church.
Listed facilities
In cemetery I there are a total of 44 individual monuments, which are listed in the table below.
| image | No. | Name / designation | Department | Description / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 | Carl August Vogel | A. | Master builder (1844-1910) |
|
2 | Ernst Paul Beyer | A. | Gardening owner (1873–1937) |
|
3 | Louis Klotz | D. | School director (1860–1929) |
|
4th | Alfred Clauss | C. | Mill owner (1879–1936) |
|
5 | War memorial | C. | Memorial to the fallen of the First World War |
|
6th | Dr. E. Albrecht Nietzsche | C. | Factory director (1853–1899) |
|
7th | Wilhelm Traugott Vogel | E. | Master builder (1813–1878) |
|
8th | GHL Heubner | E. | Businessman (1814–1877) |
|
9 | Fedor Schnorr | E. | Commerzienrat (1817-1896) |
|
10 | Ludwig Hermann Rank | E. | Chief Post Conductor (1853–1943) |
|
11 | Falke family | E. | Inventor of the Plauen lace |
|
12 | Ernst Linus Hösel | E. | Mill tenant (1858–1908) |
| 13 | Meyer / Reimann family | F. | Description / note | |
| 14th | Bachmann / Nieland family | F. | Factory owner | |
|
15th | Otto Schurig | F. | Top manufacturer (1874–1920) |
|
16 | Rudolf Pessler | F. | Manufacturer (1876–1929) |
|
17th | Family CW Weisbach | F. | Manufacturers |
|
18th | Konstantin Wiede | F. | Manufacturer (1831–1900) |
|
19th | Richard Schmidt | F. | Lace manufacturer († 1875) |
|
20th | Leopold Hartenstein family | F. | Manufacturer (1832-1893) |
|
21st | Max Otto Kaiser | D. | Manufacturer (1859-1891) |
|
22nd | Dr. jur. Ulrich Otto | D. | District Court Director (1868–1931) |
|
23 | Emil Trömel | D. | Coffee house owner (1854–1930) |
|
24 | Kurt Helbig | B. | Olympic champion in weightlifting in 1928 (1901–1975) |
|
25th | Hartwig / Fleischer families | B / P | Manufacturers |
|
26th | Carl Louis Höppner | P | Dye mill owner (1840-1915) |
|
27 | Richard Wagner | P | Mayor of Plauens (1848–1915) |
|
28 | The Richter / Wölfel family | N | builder |
|
29 | Wilhelm Friedrich Hammer | H | Brewery owner (1832–1908) |
|
30th | Karl Friedrich Wieprecht | H | Mayor of Plauens (1815–1905) |
|
31 | Gustav Thorn | I. | Jeweler (1854-1917) |
|
32 | The Tröger / Weisbach family | I. | Leather manufacturers |
|
33 | Franz Mammen family | I. | Manufacturers |
|
34 | Alfred Schlagk | I. | Art and literary critic (1881–1950) |
|
35 | Hempel family | K | Manufacturers |
|
36 | Chr. Gotthold Reinhold | K | Master mason (1848–1916) |
|
37 | Carl Hermann Tröger | L. | Machine factory owner |
|
38 | Theodor Schurig | O | Mayor of Plauens (1850–1934) |
|
39 | Hilmar Mückenberger | R. | Folk musician (1855-1937) |
|
40 | Heinrich Axtmann | O | Royal Court Photographer (1850-1937) |
|
41 | Friedrich Kessler | R. | Master builder (1842-1914) |
|
42 | Robert Paul Zöbisch | R. | Factory owner (1861–1941) |
|
43 | Alfred Zöbisch | R. | Factory owner (1865–1921) |
|
44 | Otto Wolff | P | Factory owner (1844–1897) |
literature
- Brigitte Kunze: From the Plauen Cemetery History, Part I: Investment and tombs of the cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 16 .
- ↑ a b c d e Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 17 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 18 .
- ↑ Brigitte Kunze: From the Plauen cemetery history, Part II: The layout and graves of Cemetery II . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 13th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2007, p. 41 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 21 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 22 .
- ↑ a b c Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 23 .
- ↑ a b c Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 26 .
- ↑ a b Information on the cemetery on the website of the cemetery administration. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 29, 2013 ; Retrieved October 24, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Rolf Weber: Plauen's green spaces and their trees . Ed .: Vogtlandmuseum Plauen (= museum series . Issue 54). 1st edition. Sachsdruck Plauen, Plauen 1986, DNB 881187836 , p. 35-36 .
- ↑ Brigitte Kunze: From the Plauen Cemetery History, Part I: Investment and tombs of the cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 19 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Ed.): 12th annual journal (= communications of the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 27 .
- ↑ Brigitte Kunze: From the Plauen Cemetery History, Part I: Investment and tombs of the cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies e. V. (Hrsg.): 12th annual journal (= communications from the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 34 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Kunze: From Plauener cemetery history, Part I: plant and burial of cemetery I . In: Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies e. V. (Hrsg.): 12th annual journal (= communications from the Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies ). 1st edition. Self-published (Wilhelm Tiedemann printing company, Markneukirchen), Plauen 2006, p. 28 .
- ^ Report in the Vogtland-Anzeiger on the removal of the bells from the tower of the Johanniskirche. Retrieved October 24, 2013 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 21.6 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 43.1 ″ E