Funtumia africana
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Illustration of Funtumia africana |
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| ( Benth. ) Stapf |
Funtumia africana is a tree in the dog poison family from the subfamily Apocynoideae from West and Central Africa to central and southern East Africa .
description
Funtumia africana grows as an evergreen , fast-growing tree up to 30 meters high. The trunk diameter can reach over 50 centimeters. Only smaller roots are formed. The smooth bark is gray-brown to brownish and sometimes slightly cross-cracked. The tree has a milky sap .
The simple and short-stalked, almost bare, somewhat leathery leaves are opposite. The almost bare, runny leaf stalk is up to 1.5 centimeters long. A short ochrea is formed in the paired leaves . The entire-edged leaves are ovate to elliptical or obovate and pointed, acuminate to acuminate, they are about 10–32 centimeters long and 5–17 centimeters wide. The leaf margin is sometimes slightly bent or slightly wavy. Hair- shaped domatia can appear on the leaves, which are lighter on the underside . In the leaf axils there are often colleters , glandular villi. The veins are pinnate and raised on the underside.
Terminal or axial, dense, short and zymose inflorescences are formed. There are various, small bracts with often pods in the armpits. The fragrant, fleshy and stalked flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The small, more or less fine-haired on the outside, about 4 millimeters long and egg-shaped sepals are almost free. The crown is fused, with a basal narrowed and widened at the top, up to 10 millimeters long, more or less fine-haired on the outside and sweeping, shorter to slightly longer, thick, more or less fine-haired and narrow-egg-shaped to elliptical, slightly boat-shaped lobes. The (almost) sitting stamens are attached to the top of the corolla tube. The hairy ovary , two almost free carpels is upper constant, relatively recently, enclosed, in-ending as the anthers, and almost bald pen , with up to a larger pen head, a "Clavuncula". There are some small colleters in the chalice. There is a lobed disc .
Thin and 10–32 cm long and 1.6–2 cm wide, almost spindle-shaped, many-seeded, mostly pointed, woody, brown follicles are formed which appear in pairs in a pod . The beaked , up to 7.5 millimeters long, very thin, spindle-shaped and mostly bald seeds have very long, up to 9 centimeters long hair on the front part of the up to 6 centimeters long beak.
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Kixia africana was made in 1879 by George Bentham in Hooker's Icon. Pl. 13: t. 1276. The division into the genus Funtumia took place in 1901 by Otto Stapf in Hooker's Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2696. Various other synonyms are known.
use
The leaves and bark are used medicinally.
The seed hair is used as a kapok substitute, but is of poor quality.
In contrast to the milky sap from the related Funtumia elastica , which has a different structure and coagulates quickly, this sticky latex cannot be used to produce a high-quality rubber. But it is used as an adhesive, e.g. B. used for poison arrows or bird traps.
The relatively light, soft and not durable, light wood is only used locally. it is known as Mutundu .
literature
- HJC Zwetsloot: A revision of Farquharia Stapf and Funtumia Stapf (Apocynaceae). In: Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. 81–16, 1981, online (PDF; 4.2 MB), at WUR E-depot.
- Quentin Meunier, Carl Moumbogou, Jean-Louis Doucet: Les arbres utiles du Gabon. Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, 2015, ISBN 978-2-87016-134-0 , p. 90 f, limited preview in the Google book search.
Web links
- Funtumia africana at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Funtumia africana . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Funtumia africana at KEW Science.
- ↑ at Useful Tropical Plants.
- ^ Jeannette M. Kryn, EW Fobes: The Woods of Liberia. Report. 2159, USDA, 1959, p. 52 f.