Fusarium avenaceum
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Macroconidia of Fusarium avenaceum , enlarged 160 × |
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| ( Fr. ) Sacc. |
Fusarium avenaceum is a mushroom belonging to the order of the spheroidal mushrooms.
features
Microscopic features
The sporodochia are pale orange in color. They are specially made on CLA agar. The thin-walled macro conidia are straight or slightly curved, 50 to 70 microns long and are usually five times, but sometimes three to four times septate . The apical cell tapers to a point, it can also be curved. The basal cell is usually notched. The one to two septate microconidia are spindle-shaped and are only produced by some tribes, and even then rather rarely.
Characteristics on culture media
Fusarium avenaceum forms straight or slightly curved macroconidia on clove leaf agar (CLA). No chlamydospores are produced. On potato dextrose agar , Fusarium avenaceum forms an abundant mycelium that can vary from white to light yellow and gray-pink. Pigments in the agar are gray-pink to burgundy-red, but can appear brownish due to the light reflection of the spore mass. The morphology of the colony is very variable, it can produce a lot or very little aerial mycelium.
Similar species
Fusarium avenaceum can be confused with Fusarium acuminatum , which can, but does not have to, produce chlamydospores . The more strongly curved macroconidia with thick cell walls in Fusarium acuminatum are a sure distinguishing feature.
Ecology and diffusion
Fusarium avenaceum is distributed worldwide in the temperate latitudes and lives mainly saprophytic in the soil, but can also occur parasitically on legumes , carnations and various other perennial plants . It is also common on various grains such as wheat or barley . The species is sensitive to sulfur dioxide pollution.
toxicology
Fusarium avenaceum has not been associated with human or animal poisoning , but ground cultures are toxic to chickens and mice and dermotoxic to rabbits. Fusarium avenaceum can form mycotoxins such as beauvericin , fusarin C and moniliformin . The species is assigned to risk group 1 by the ZKBS for genetic engineering work, so the work must be carried out under security level 1 . A classification into a risk group according to the Biological Agents Ordinance has not yet taken place.
Taxonomy
Fusarium avenaceum has been subdivided into three subspecies , which have since been divided into three species. In addition to Fusarium avenaceum , Fusarium aywerte and Fusarium nurragi are now recognized as species. When a major fruit form is formed, it is called Gibberella avenacea .
literature
- John F. Leslie, Brett A. Summerell: The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames IA 2006, ISBN 0-8138-1919-9 , pp. 132-133.
Individual evidence
- ^ Statement of the ZKBS on the risk assessment of Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae and Fusarium tricinctum according to § 5 paragraph 1 GenTSV
- ↑ TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 460: Classification of fungi in risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) . October 2002, p. 4 , accessed July 13, 2014 .
