Gustav Adolf Wayss

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gustav Adolf Wayss (born  October 16, 1851 in Erbach (Donau) , Württemberg ; †  August 19, 1917 in Waidhofen an der Ybbs , Lower Austria ) was a civil engineer , a pioneer of iron and reinforced concrete construction and co-founder of the construction companies Beton- und Monierbau and Wayss & Freytag .

Life

The son of a building contractor first attended the building trade school and the Technical University in Stuttgart and then joined the Württemberg state construction service. He later became a kuk builder in Austria . He was involved in the construction of the Gotthard tunnel . Wayss then founded the company Diss & Wayss in Frankfurt am Main , which manufactured concrete walkways and watertight cellars, among other things. On a study trip to Paris he met the gardener Joseph Monier , who had started in 1849 with the production of plant troughs and boxes made of concrete, in which he had inserted a wire mesh.

Services

In 1885 he acquired the rights to the Moniers patent on iron inlays in cement for northern Germany from Freytag & Heidschuch , Neustadt an der Haardt , and Martenstein & Josseaux , Offenbach am Main , and developed the principle further in his company GA Wayss & Cie . Since there was no reliable knowledge about the interaction between iron and concrete, Wayss started an extensive test program, for which he called in well-known experts, including the Berlin civil engineer Mathias Koenen . He carried out numerous stress tests and researched the corrosion behavior of iron embedded in cement. He was the first to find out that the concrete has to take the pressure and the iron has to take the tension and therefore the reinforcement must lie in the tension zone of the concrete. He also initiated the development of theories for calculating the necessary reinforcement cross-section. In 1887 Wayss published his research results in the book Das System Monier, iron framework with cement coating , in which Koenen probably played a significant role, and paved the way for concrete construction in German-speaking countries. After Diss left the company in 1889, he brought his company into the Actien-Gesellschaft für Monierbauten founded together with Mathias Koenen, formerly GA Wayss & Co. , which later became Beton- und Monierbau AG , from which he withdrew in 1893.

In 1890 he bought Conrad Freytag's company Freytag & Heidschuch (who had acquired the rights to Monier's patent for southern Germany in 1884). After Heidschuch died in 1891, Conrad Freytag bought himself back into the company in 1893, which was continued as Wayss & Freytag oHG and built groundbreaking buildings in Europe and overseas with the new technology. Wayss moved from Berlin to Vienna in 1903, where he founded the company GA Wayss & Cie. and was appointed kuk building councilor.

death

Gustav Adolf Wayss died in 1917 at the age of 65 and was buried in the Evangelical Churchyard Nikolassee in Berlin. The grave has not been preserved.

Fonts

  • The Monier system (iron framework with cement coating) in its application to the entire construction industry. 1887.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Place of birth according to the baptismal register, see: Knut Stegmann, Sabine Kuban: "Restless and unsteady mind" - On the importance of the reinforced concrete pioneer Gustav Adolf Wayss (1851–1917). In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 112 (2017), Issue 8, pp. 545–555, here p. 545.
  2. ↑ Wissenschaftskalender.at: Portrait of the day - Gustav Adolf Wayss ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium . Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2018, pp. 668ff., ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .
  4. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 629.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Wayss, Gustav Adolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German civil engineer and pioneer of reinforced concrete construction
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Erbach (Danube) , Württemberg
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1917
Place of death Waidhofen an der Ybbs , Lower Austria