Galdan Tsereng

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Galdan Tsereng († August or September 1745 ) was Khan of the Djungarian Khanate from 1727 to 1745 . He was the son and successor of Tsewangrabtan and continued his policy with similar success.

history

Since the peace of 1724 his empire bordered directly on Qing- China, which now controlled not only the Mongols but also the tribal khoshutes and has meanwhile been taken seriously as a direct threat to the state. There were fighting in 1731/32 in the area of Hami and Ürümqi and in Mongolia. Under the younger Tsereng Dondub, the jungles advanced to the Erdene Dsuu monastery , where they were defeated by the Khalka Prince Tsereng on September 23, 1732 (10,000 dead). In 1734 new peace negotiations began, which ended in 1739 with the establishment of the Altai border. In 1735 he sent his first tribute embassy to Beijing.

He also continued his father's policy towards the Kazakhs , so that large parts of the Great and Middle Horde had to submit to both him and the Russians. In 1741 he sent z. B. two armies against the Kazakhs, who defeated Abylai Khan and took prisoner (1741/42), persuaded the khans Abu'l Muhammed and Baraq to position hostages, again devastated the Syr Darya area and reached the Russian border (1744) .

Galdan Tsereng was not a primitive nomad chief, he is said to have carried a hundred camels with him loaded with books.

He died in August or September 1745. After him, his second son Bayan or Tsewang Dordschi Namdschar was installed as Khan. However, he was still too young for the office and was therefore deposed and blinded in a coup by some officers in 1750 in favor of his older brother Lama Dardscha (arr. 1752) . Influential relatives (Dawatschi, Amarsanaa ) did not accept the new ruler, and a power struggle began which, with the interference of Qing China, led to the rapid fall of the jungle empire.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The younger Tsereng Dondub was a 2nd degree great-nephew of Galdan .
  2. ↑ Tsereng was a prince of the Khalka from the line of the Sajn Noyan khans and a son-in-law of the emperor Kangxi (r. 1661-1722).

literature

  • Michael Weiers: History of the Mongols . Stuttgart 2004
  • Rene Grousset: The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Rutgers University Press, 1970
  • Peter C. Perdue: China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, Mass. 2005
  • Fischer World History Volume 16: Central Asia
  • Michael Weiers (ed.): The Mongols: Contributions to their history . Darmstadt 1986
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth: History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century. Part 2. The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. London 1880
personal data
SURNAME Galdan Tsereng
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jungar rulers
DATE OF BIRTH 17th century or 18th century
DATE OF DEATH August 1745 or September 1745