Two-column hollow tooth
| Two-column hollow tooth | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Two-column hollow tooth ( Galeopsis bifida ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Galeopsis bifida | ||||||||||||
| Boenn. |
The two-column hollow tooth ( Galeopsis bifida ) is a species of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It blooms from July to September.
Appearance
The annual herbaceous plant reaches a height of 20 to 50 cm. In its entire appearance it resembles the common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit ). The stem is often knotty and very strong, usually without glands and with protruding bristle hairs under the nodes. The leaves are oblong-ovate and serrate. The calyx teeth are prickly and usually reach the end of the corolla tube. The lower lip of the approximately 10 mm long crown is elongated and usually clearly delineated, later rolled back at the edge and of dark purple to purple in color. It has two yellow throat spots with a lighter edge, the rest of the crown is white or pink, rarely also yellowish.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.
Distribution and location requirements
The two-column hollow tooth grows in weed communities, on fields, on roadsides and in clearcuts. It usually prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, more or less lime-poor, sandy loam soils. It occurs mainly in societies of the associations Aegopodion podagrariae, Alliarion or Arction lappae.
Galeopsis bifida occurs in Central and Northern Europe to North, West and East Asia. It also occurs in the northern and central Balkans. It is a Eurasian floral element. In North America he is a neophyte. In Austria the species is scattered in the silicate areas, otherwise rarely, in Switzerland it is apparently only rarely found in general.
The two-column hollow tooth is common and mostly common in Germany. It is only rarely found in southwest Germany.
Synonyms
In the past, the two-column hollow tooth was regarded as a subspecies of the common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit ). In the opinion of many authors, however, it is much closer to the colored hollow tooth ( Galeopsis speciosa ). It is now generally recognized as an independent species.
There are numerous, little-known hybrids between the Galeopsis species. The hybrids Galeopsis tetrahit x Galeopsis bifida and Galeopsis bifida x Galeopsis speciosa are also known.
literature
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin / Hamburg 1975, ISBN 3-489-78021-3 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrated flora . Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland . Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 802 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Galeopsis bifida. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 6, 2018.
Web links
- Galeopsis bifida Boenn., Two-column hollow tooth. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Two-column hollow tooth . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Galeopsis bifida Boenn. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 16, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere
- Thomas Meyer: Hohlzahn data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
