Gallium (III) sulfide

Crystal structure
__ Ga 3+      __ S 2−
General
Surname	Gallium (III) sulfide
other names	Digallium trisulfide
Ratio formula	Ga 2 S 3
Brief description	odorless white to yellow solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 12024-22-5 EC number 234-692-2 ECHA InfoCard 100,031,526 PubChem 16684827 ChemSpider 145436 Wikidata Q4445840
properties
Molar mass	235.63 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.74 g cm −3 (α) 3.67 g cm −3 (β)
Melting point	1255 ° C (vacuum)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 314-318 P: 260-303 + 361 + 353-305 + 351 + 338-301 + 330 + 331-405-501
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Gallium (III) sulfide is an inorganic chemical compound of gallium from the group of sulfides .

Extraction and presentation

Gallium (III) sulfide can be obtained by reacting gallium with sulfur at 1250 ° C.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Ga+3\ S\longrightarrow Ga_{2}S_{3}} }$

It is also possible to display it by reacting gallium (III) oxide or gallium (III) hydroxide with hydrogen sulfide .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Ga_{2}O_{3}+3\ H_{2}S\longrightarrow Ga_{2}S_{3}+3\ H_{2}O} }$

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Ga(OH)_{3}+3\ H_{2}S\longrightarrow Ga_{2}S_{3}+6\ H_{2}O} }$

properties

Gallium (III) sulfide is a white to yellow odorless solid that reacts with water. It dissolves in aqueous acids and slowly hydrolyzes in air with the evolution of hydrogen sulfide.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Ga_{2}S_{3}+4\ H_{2}O\longrightarrow 2\ GaO(OH)+3\ H_{2}S} }$

The connection occurs in two forms. The low-temperature form α-Ga ₂ S ₃ has a zinc blende structure while the high-temperature modification β-Ga ₂ S _{3 forms} a wurtzite structure . The transition temperature between the two forms is between 550 and 600 ° C. After several days of tempering at 1000 ° C, a monoclinic superstructure of the wurtzite type ( space group Cc (space group no. 9) , lattice parameters a = 11.11 Å , b = 6.395 Å, c = 7.021 Å, β = 121.2 °) with an ordered distribution of the metal atoms.

use

Gallium sulfide is used as a semiconductor in CIGS photovoltaic modules.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} data sheet Gallium (III) sulfide, 99.999% (metals basis) from AlfaAesar, accessed on February 27, 2014 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Georg Brauer , with the assistance of Marianne Baudler u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry . 3rd, revised edition. tape I . Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , pp. 857 .
3. ^ AJ Downs: Chemistry of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium . Springer, 1993, ISBN 0-7514-0103-X , p. 162 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
4. ^ J. Goodyear, WJ Duffin, GA Steigmann: The unit cell of α-Ga ₂ S ₃ . In: Acta Crystallographica. 14, pp. 1168-1170, doi : 10.1107 / S0365110X61003399 .
5. ↑ CY Jones, JC Bryan, K. Kirschbaum, JGEdwards: Refinement of the crystal structure of digallium trisulfide, Ga ₂ S ₃ . In: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures , 216, 2001, pp. 327-328, doi: 10.1524 / ncrs.2001.216.14.349 .
6. ^ Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Website of the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy. Retrieved March 23, 2016